Beech P, Norman I J
J Clin Nurs. 1995 Mar;4(2):117-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.1995.tb00019.x.
This study tested a development of the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) (Flanagan, 1954) in a field-study to gather incidents of high- and low-quality nursing care as perceived by 24 patients with mental-health problems in two admission wards of a psychiatric hospital. The development of the CIT used took the form of an interactive, guided interview, developed previously for the same purpose with other groups of patients and their nurses and is discussed in detail elsewhere. This paper describes the results of the study which throws light on patients' perceptions of high- and low-quality nursing care in an acute-care setting. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed 239 indicators of high- and low-quality psychiatric nursing care which were grouped into six main categories. Patients' responses indicated the importance attached to the therapeutic functions of the psychiatric nurse, in particular the value placed by patients on nurses being active listeners. Aspects of practice most often identified as of poor quality included nurses' failure to explain their actions, the negative impact of nurses' group behaviour on ward atmosphere, their inadequate knowledge base and the negative consequences of inadequate staffing. The CIT fulfilled its potential as an interactive method of eliciting the views of this patient group of the quality of nursing care.
本研究在一项实地研究中测试了关键事件技术（CIT）（弗拉纳根，1954年）的一种改进形式，以收集一家精神病医院两个住院病房中24名患有精神健康问题的患者所感知到的高质量和低质量护理事件。所采用的CIT改进形式是一种互动式的引导访谈，此前曾为其他患者群体及其护士出于相同目的开发过，在其他地方有详细讨论。本文描述了该研究的结果，该结果揭示了患者在急性护理环境中对高质量和低质量护理的看法。对访谈的定性分析揭示了239项高质量和低质量精神科护理指标，这些指标被归为六个主要类别。患者的回答表明了对精神科护士治疗功能的重视，特别是患者对护士作为积极倾听者的重视程度。最常被认为质量较差的实践方面包括护士未能解释其行为、护士群体行为对病房氛围的负面影响、他们知识基础不足以及人员配备不足的负面后果。CIT作为一种引出该患者群体对护理质量看法的互动方法发挥了其潜力。
