Barrett D A, Rutter N
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, U.K.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1994;11(1):1-30.
Drugs can penetrate more readily through the skin of preterm neonates compared to adults. This observation suggests that transdermal drug delivery may offer advantages compared with the traditional intravenous or oral routes of drug administration used in neonatal intensive care. The transdermal route of drug delivery is potentially a convenient, painless, and noninvasive method of drug therapy without the difficulties, discomfort, and scope for error of intravenous or oral administration. Successful transdermal therapy in the neonate has been achieved with the drugs theophylline and caffeine, with therapeutic blood drug concentrations being achieved for up to 7 days after topical application. Several other drugs in common use in neonatal intensive care therapy have good potential for transdermal delivery. However, there is a need for further development of neonatal transdermal delivery systems to provide a controlled rate of drug delivery.
与成年人相比，药物更容易穿透早产儿的皮肤。这一观察结果表明，与新生儿重症监护中使用的传统静脉或口服给药途径相比，经皮给药可能具有优势。经皮给药途径可能是一种方便、无痛且无创的药物治疗方法，不存在静脉或口服给药的困难、不适和误差范围。新生儿使用茶碱和咖啡因进行经皮治疗已取得成功，局部应用后可维持治疗性血药浓度长达7天。新生儿重症监护治疗中常用的其他几种药物也具有良好的经皮给药潜力。然而，需要进一步开发新生儿经皮给药系统，以提供可控的药物释放速率。
