Loesche W J, Bromberg J, Terpenning M S, Bretz W A, Dominguez B L, Grossman N S, Langmore S E
University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995 Apr;43(4):401-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb05815.x.
To study the relationship between complaints of xerostomia and salivary performance and food avoidances in four geriatric groups chosen to reflect a broad spectrum of individuals along the health-disease continuum. To determine whether xerogenic medications taken by these individuals could be associated with either complaints of xerostomia or with food avoidances.
Cross-sectional survey. Clinical examinations and interview.
A VA dental clinic and a retirement home.
Subjects were 529 individuals older than 56 years of age, living both in institutions and in the community (average age 70 years). Two hundred eight persons were recruited from a VA Dental Clinic, 114 from a residential retirement home, and 132 from a nursing/long-term-care facility; 75 were from an acute care ward and had a diagnosis of a cerebral vascular accident or other neurological condition.
Prevalence of xerostomia, dental morbidity, salivary flow, and food avoidances.
About 72% of the subjects experienced xerostomia sometime during the day. Stimulated salivary flow was found to be significantly lower in individuals who complained of xerostomia than in those who did not. Fifty-five percent of participants reported using one or more xerogenic medications, with an 86% prevalence in the nursing/long-term-care facility. Individuals with xerostomia had difficulty in chewing and in starting a swallow and were significantly more likely to avoid crunchy foods such as vegetables, dry foods such as bread, and sticky foods such as peanut butter in their diets. Specific medications such as the inhalants ipratropium and triamcinolone and the systemic agents oxybutynin and triazolam could be statistically associated with xerostomia and/or low salivary flow, and/or specific food avoidances.
Xerostomia apparently affects the ability to chew and start a swallow. This leads to avoidance of certain foods, which raises the possibility that xerostomia could contribute to undernutrition in older persons. The topically applied ipratropium and triamcinolone and the systemic agents amitriptyline, oxybutynin and triazolam could be statistically associated with one or more complaints of xerostomia.
研究口干症主诉与唾液分泌功能及食物回避之间的关系，选取四个老年人群体以反映健康 - 疾病连续谱上的广泛个体情况。确定这些个体服用的致口干药物是否与口干症主诉或食物回避有关。
横断面调查。临床检查与访谈。
一家退伍军人事务部牙科诊所和一家养老院。
受试者为529名年龄超过56岁的个体，居住在机构和社区中（平均年龄70岁）。208人从退伍军人事务部牙科诊所招募，114人从一家住宅式养老院招募，132人从一家护理/长期护理机构招募；75人来自急性护理病房，患有脑血管意外或其他神经系统疾病。
口干症患病率、牙科发病率、唾液流量及食物回避情况。
约72%的受试者在白天的某个时段经历过口干。主诉口干的个体其刺激唾液流量显著低于无此主诉者。55%的参与者报告使用过一种或多种致口干药物，在护理/长期护理机构中这一比例为86%。口干的个体在咀嚼和开始吞咽方面存在困难，并且在饮食中明显更有可能回避诸如蔬菜等脆硬食物、面包等干食物以及花生酱等粘性食物。特定药物如吸入剂异丙托溴铵和曲安奈德以及全身性药物奥昔布宁和三唑仑在统计学上可能与口干症和/或低唾液流量和/或特定食物回避有关。
口干显然会影响咀嚼和开始吞咽的能力。这导致对某些食物的回避，这增加了口干可能导致老年人营养不良的可能性。局部应用的异丙托溴铵和曲安奈德以及全身性药物阿米替林、奥昔布宁和三唑仑在统计学上可能与一种或多种口干症主诉有关。
