Rummer R, Grabowski J, Vorwerg C
Lehrstuhl Psychologie III, Universität Mannheim.
Z Psychol Z Angew Psychol. 1995;203(1):25-51.
The issue of our study is the flexibility of high level adjustments for the process of relating events. Our assumptions are based on the Mannheim Regulation Theory of Speech Production, in which three modes of central control are distinguished: stimulus control, schema control, and ad hoc control. Our first experiment shows that verbal accounts of an event (due to selection and construction processes) as well as the interindividual variability of this accounts (due to the control mode being less or more restricted) are strongly determined by the situational characteristics in which they are produced. In our second experiment, pressure of time is introduced into the speech production task as a disturbance factor to put some load on the attentional resources thus uncovering the flexibility vs. automaticity of the speech production process. A comparison of the results favors the assumption of verbal accounts of an event being produced by strong schematic control in a highly institutionalized situation, whereas verbal accounts of the same event in an unofficial, private situation are produced by more ad hoc planning. The results permit to psychologically reconstruct the narrating of events and the reporting of events as speech production processes which are guided by different control modes with respect to their flexibility and to their attentional demands.
我们研究的问题是在关联事件的过程中进行高层次调整的灵活性。我们的假设基于曼海姆言语产生调节理论，该理论区分了三种中央控制模式：刺激控制、图式控制和临时控制。我们的第一个实验表明，对一个事件的言语描述（由于选择和构建过程）以及这种描述的个体间差异（由于控制模式受到或多或少的限制）很大程度上由产生这些描述的情境特征所决定。在我们的第二个实验中，将时间压力作为干扰因素引入言语产生任务中，给注意力资源增加一些负担，从而揭示言语产生过程的灵活性与自动性。结果比较支持这样一种假设，即在高度制度化的情境中，对一个事件的言语描述是由强大的图式控制产生的，而在非官方的私人情境中对同一事件的言语描述则是通过更多的临时计划产生的。这些结果有助于从心理学角度将事件叙述和事件报告重构为言语产生过程，这些过程在灵活性和注意力需求方面由不同的控制模式所引导。
