Kleinow Jennifer, Smith Anne
Speech-Language-Hearing Science Program, La Salle University, 1900 W. Olney, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2006 May;48(4):275-87. doi: 10.1002/dev.20141.
Though anecdotal reports link certain speech disorders to increases in autonomic arousal, few studies have described the relationship between arousal and speech processes. Additionally, it is unclear how increases in arousal may interact with other cognitive-linguistic processes to affect speech motor control. In this experiment we examine potential interactions between autonomic arousal, linguistic processing, and speech motor coordination in adults and children. Autonomic responses (heart rate, finger pulse volume, tonic skin conductance, and phasic skin conductance) were recorded simultaneously with upper and lower lip movements during speech. The lip aperture variability (LA variability index) across multiple repetitions of sentences that varied in length and syntactic complexity was calculated under low- and high-arousal conditions. High arousal conditions were elicited by performance of the Stroop color word task. Children had significantly higher lip aperture variability index values across all speaking tasks, indicating more variable speech motor coordination. Increases in syntactic complexity and utterance length were associated with increases in speech motor coordination variability in both speaker groups. There was a significant effect of Stroop task, which produced increases in autonomic arousal and increased speech motor variability in both adults and children. These results provide novel evidence that high arousal levels can influence speech motor control in both adults and children.
尽管轶事报告将某些言语障碍与自主唤醒的增加联系起来，但很少有研究描述唤醒与言语过程之间的关系。此外，尚不清楚唤醒的增加如何与其他认知语言过程相互作用以影响言语运动控制。在本实验中，我们研究了成人和儿童自主唤醒、语言处理和言语运动协调之间的潜在相互作用。在言语过程中，同时记录自主反应（心率、手指脉搏容积、皮肤电导率和皮肤电导率相位）以及上下唇运动。在低唤醒和高唤醒条件下，计算了在长度和句法复杂性方面各不相同的句子多次重复过程中的唇孔径变异性（LA变异性指数）。通过执行斯特鲁普颜色词任务引发高唤醒条件。在所有言语任务中，儿童的唇孔径变异性指数值显著更高，表明言语运动协调更具变异性。句法复杂性和话语长度的增加与两个说话者群体中言语运动协调变异性的增加相关。斯特鲁普任务有显著影响，它使成人和儿童的自主唤醒增加，言语运动变异性也增加。这些结果提供了新的证据，表明高唤醒水平会影响成人和儿童的言语运动控制。
