Paul R, Alforde S
Portland State University Speech and Hearing Sciences Program, OR.
J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Dec;36(6):1271-5. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3606.1271.
The production of the grammatical morphemes studied by Brown and his colleagues was examined in free speech samples from a cohort of 4-year-olds with a history of slow expressive language development (SELD) and a control group of normal speakers. Results suggest that children with SELD acquire morphemes in an order very similar to that shown in previous acquisition research. Children who were slow to begin talking at age 2 and who continued to evidence delayed expressive language development by age 4 showed mastery of the four earliest acquired grammatical morphemes, as would be expected, based on their MLUs, which fell at Early Stage IV. Four-year-olds with normal language histories produced all but one of the grammatical morphemes with more than 90% accuracy, as would be expected based on their late Stage V MLUs. Children who were slow to acquire expressive language as toddlers, but who "caught up" in terms of sentence length by age 4 did not differ in MLU from their peers with normal language histories. However, they had acquired fewer of the grammatical morphemes. The implications of these findings for understanding the phenomenon of slow expressive language development are discussed.
在一组有表达性语言发育迟缓（SELD）病史的4岁儿童和一组正常说话者的对照组的自由言语样本中，对布朗及其同事所研究的语法语素的产生情况进行了考察。结果表明，有表达性语言发育迟缓的儿童习得语素的顺序与先前习得研究中所示的顺序非常相似。那些在2岁时开始说话较晚且到4岁时仍表现出表达性语言发育延迟的儿童，正如根据他们处于早期IV阶段的平均语句长度（MLU）所预期的那样，掌握了最早习得的四个语法语素。有正常语言史的4岁儿童除了一个语法语素外，其他语法语素的准确率都超过了90%，这与根据他们处于晚期V阶段的MLU所预期的情况相符。那些在幼儿期习得表达性语言较慢，但到4岁时在句子长度方面“赶上”同龄人水平的儿童，其MLU与有正常语言史的同龄人没有差异。然而，他们习得的语法语素较少。讨论了这些发现对于理解表达性语言发育迟缓现象的意义。
