Parent A, Hazrati L N
Centre de recherche en neurobiologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, QC, Canada.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1995 Jan;20(1):91-127. doi: 10.1016/0165-0173(94)00007-c.
This paper reviews some of the recent findings on different aspects of the anatomical organization of the basal ganglia. Attempts have been made to delineate the anatomical substrate of information processing along the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. Emphasis has been placed on data obtained with highly sensitive anterograde tract-tracing methods applied to the study of the main axis of the loop, which is composed of the striatum, the pallidum, and the substantia nigra. These findings have highlighted the complexities of the organization of the intrinsic basal ganglia circuitry, which comprises multiple modular units that are distributed according to highly ordered and repetitive patterns. Such an arrangement is well suited to convey cortical information in a highly specific manner throughout the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia circuitry is also designed so as to modulate in a precise manner the neuronal activity of several brain functional systems, which are involved in the direct control of different aspects of psychomotor behavior. Of utmost importance is the action of the basal ganglia on thalamocortical premotor neurons. It is through these neurons, which can be considered as a sort of final common pathway, that the basal ganglia ultimately influence the complex neuronal computation that goes on at cortical level.
本文综述了基底神经节解剖组织不同方面的一些最新研究发现。人们已尝试描绘沿皮质-基底神经节-丘脑-皮质环路进行信息处理的解剖学基础。重点在于通过应用于环路主轴研究的高灵敏度顺行束路追踪方法所获得的数据，该环路主轴由纹状体、苍白球和黑质组成。这些发现凸显了基底神经节内在神经回路组织的复杂性，其由多个模块化单元组成，这些单元按照高度有序且重复的模式分布。这样的排列非常适合以高度特定的方式在整个基底神经节中传递皮质信息。基底神经节神经回路的设计还能精确调节多个脑功能系统的神经元活动，这些系统参与对精神运动行为不同方面的直接控制。基底神经节对丘脑皮质运动前神经元的作用至关重要。正是通过这些可被视为一种最终共同通路的神经元，基底神经节最终影响在皮质层面进行的复杂神经元计算。
