Bergeron M F, Armstrong L E, Maresh C M
University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 1995 Jan;14(1):23-32.
A tennis player's metabolism during play in a hot environment generates an abundance of heat, which is primarily eliminated from the body by evaporation of sweat. An individual's on-court rate of fluid loss will depend on the environmental conditions, intensity of play, acclimatization, aerobic fitness, hydration status, age, and gender. Unless fluid intake closely matches sweat loss, a progressive and significant body water deficit may develop that will proportionately impair cardiovascular and thermoregulatory functions. As a result, a player can experience an increase in core temperature, premature fatigue, performance decrements, and an increased potential for heat illness. Although sweat is hypotonic compared to plasma, extended tennis play, in a hot environment, can lead to sizable Na+ and Cl- losses. Also, ad libitum drinking often leads to involuntary dehydration in these conditions. Therefore, for tennis play and training in the heat, it is important to follow a hydration plan that will minimize on-court water deficits, by optimizing fluid availability, consumption, and absorption. For tennis matches greater than 1 hour in duration, a CHO-electrolyte drink (as described earlier) is the recommended on-court beverage.
在炎热环境中进行比赛时，网球运动员的新陈代谢会产生大量热量，这些热量主要通过汗液蒸发从体内排出。个人在球场上的液体流失速度将取决于环境条件、比赛强度、适应能力、有氧适能、水合状态、年龄和性别。除非液体摄入量与汗液流失密切匹配，否则可能会出现渐进性且显著的身体水分亏缺，这将相应损害心血管和体温调节功能。结果，运动员可能会经历核心体温升高、过早疲劳、表现下降以及中暑风险增加。尽管与血浆相比，汗液是低渗的，但在炎热环境中长时间打网球会导致大量的钠和氯流失。此外，在这些情况下随意饮水往往会导致非自愿性脱水。因此，对于在炎热环境中的网球比赛和训练，遵循一个通过优化液体供应、消耗和吸收来尽量减少球场上水分亏缺的水合计划非常重要。对于持续时间超过1小时的网球比赛，推荐在球场上饮用碳水化合物 - 电解质饮料（如前所述）。
