Ellason J W, Ross C A
Dissociative Disorders Unit, Charter Behavioral Health System of Dallas, Texas, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995 Apr;183(4):236-41. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199504000-00009.
A substantial number of patients with dissociative identity disorder have had previous diagnoses of schizophrenia, due to the presence of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The authors investigated the pattern of positive and negative symptoms in patients with dissociative identity disorder, and compared it with norms in schizophrenia. A total of 108 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The positive symptom and general psychopathology scores were significantly more severe in the dissociative identity group than the norms for schizophrenia, while the negative symptoms were significantly more severe in schizophrenia. Since patients with dissociative identity disorder report more positive symptoms of schizophrenia than do schizophrenics, while schizophrenics report more negative symptoms, a primary emphasis on positive symptoms may result in false-positive diagnoses of schizophrenia and false-negative diagnoses of dissociative identity disorder.
相当数量的分离性身份障碍患者曾因出现精神分裂症的阳性症状而被先前诊断为精神分裂症。作者调查了分离性身份障碍患者的阳性和阴性症状模式，并将其与精神分裂症的标准进行了比较。对总共108名临床诊断为分离性身份障碍的患者进行了阳性和阴性症状量表测试。分离性身份障碍组的阳性症状和总体精神病理学得分显著高于精神分裂症的标准，而精神分裂症患者的阴性症状则更为严重。由于分离性身份障碍患者报告的精神分裂症阳性症状比精神分裂症患者更多，而精神分裂症患者报告的阴性症状更多，因此主要关注阳性症状可能会导致精神分裂症的假阳性诊断和分离性身份障碍的假阴性诊断。
