Hulshof T, de Graaf C, Weststrate J A
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Physiol Behav. 1995 Feb;57(2):377-83. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00224-s.
The short-term satiating effects of croissants with different amounts of fat and sucrose polyester (SPE) followed by three lengths of deprivation were investigated. Sixteen male and 18 female normal-weight subjects each received six different experimental conditions in a two x three factorial design. Energy content was the first factor with two levels: 1.80 MJ and 3.45 MJ. The second factor was the deprivation period after the lunch preload with three levels: 0.25, 2.25, and 4.75 h. Subjects ate ad lib after the deprivation period. The effects of the croissants were determined by motivational ratings and reported food consumption on the study day and the day after the study day. The SPE croissants (1.80 MJ) and the high-fat croissants (3.45 MJ) did not result in different subsequent energy intakes. Differences in energy intake were found between the three deprivation conditions, with the lowest intake with the 4.75-h deprivation condition. This was due to differences in the energy intake during the afternoon. The two energy levels of the preloads had similar effects on the motivational ratings. Higher appetite ratings were found after the 4.75-h compared to the 0.25 h and the 2.25-h deprivation condition.
研究了不同脂肪含量和蔗糖聚酯（SPE）的羊角面包的短期饱腹感效应，以及随后三种时长的禁食情况。16名男性和18名女性正常体重受试者，每人在2×3析因设计中接受六种不同的实验条件。能量含量是第一个因素，有两个水平：1.80兆焦和3.45兆焦。第二个因素是午餐预负荷后的禁食期，有三个水平：0.25、2.25和4.75小时。禁食期结束后，受试者随意进食。通过动机评分以及研究当天和研究后一天报告的食物摄入量来确定羊角面包的效果。含SPE的羊角面包（1.80兆焦）和高脂肪羊角面包（3.45兆焦）在随后的能量摄入量上没有差异。在三种禁食条件之间发现了能量摄入量的差异，4.75小时禁食条件下的摄入量最低。这是由于下午能量摄入量的差异。预负荷的两个能量水平对动机评分有相似的影响。与0.25小时和2.25小时禁食条件相比，4.75小时禁食后食欲评分更高。
