Bove F J, Fulcomer M C, Klotz J B, Esmart J, Dufficy E M, Savrin J E
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 May 1;141(9):850-62. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117521.
The effects of public drinking water contamination on birth outcomes were evaluated in an area of northern New Jersey. After excluding plural births and chromosomal defects, 80,938 live births and 594 fetal deaths that occurred during the period 1985-1988 were studied. Information on birth outcome status and maternal risk factors was obtained from vital records and the New Jersey Birth Defects Registry. Monthly exposures during pregnancy were estimated for all births using tap water sample data. Odds ratios of > or = 1.50 were found for the following: total trihalomethanes with small for gestational age, central nervous system defects, oral cleft defects, and major cardiac defects; carbon tetrachloride with term low birth weight, small for gestational age, very low birth weight, total surveillance birth defects, central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; trichloroethylene with central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; tetrachloroethylene with oral cleft defects; total dichloroethylenes with central nervous system defects and oral cleft defects; benzene with neural tube defects and major cardiac defects; and 1,2-dichloroethane with major cardiac defects. Total trihalomethane levels > 100 ppb reduced birth weight among term births by 70.4 g. By itself, this study cannot resolve whether the drinking water contaminants caused the adverse birth outcomes; therefore, these findings should be followed up utilizing available drinking water contamination databases.
在新泽西州北部的一个地区，评估了公共饮用水污染对出生结局的影响。在排除多胞胎和染色体缺陷后，对1985年至1988年期间发生的80938例活产和594例死胎进行了研究。出生结局状况和母亲风险因素的信息来自生命记录和新泽西州出生缺陷登记处。利用自来水样本数据估计了所有出生婴儿孕期的每月暴露量。发现以下各项的优势比≥1.50：总三卤甲烷与小于胎龄、中枢神经系统缺陷、腭裂缺陷和主要心脏缺陷；四氯化碳与足月低出生体重、小于胎龄、极低出生体重、总监测出生缺陷、中枢神经系统缺陷、神经管缺陷和腭裂缺陷；三氯乙烯与中枢神经系统缺陷、神经管缺陷和腭裂缺陷；四氯乙烯与腭裂缺陷；总二氯乙烯与中枢神经系统缺陷和腭裂缺陷；苯与神经管缺陷和主要心脏缺陷；以及1,2 - 二氯乙烷与主要心脏缺陷。足月出生时，总三卤甲烷水平>100 ppb使出生体重降低了70.4 g。仅凭这项研究无法确定饮用水污染物是否导致了不良出生结局；因此，应利用现有的饮用水污染数据库对这些发现进行后续研究。
