Huelke D F, Moore J L, Compton T W, Samuels J, Levine R S
University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
J Trauma. 1995 Apr;38(4):482-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199504000-00003.
Details on airbag injuries to the upper extremity are relatively unknown to clinicians. The injuries presented here should provide a clear understanding of the mechanisms of forearm, hand, and wrist injuries that may be seen by emergency room physicians.
From our crash investigations of 325 airbag-equipped passenger cars, a subset of upper extremity injuries are presented that are related to airbag deployments.
Minor hand, wrist, or forearm injuries--contusions, abrasions, and sprains--are not uncommonly reported. Infrequently, hand fractures have been sustained and, in isolated cases, fractures of the forearm bones or of the thumb, wrist, and fingers. The close proximity of the forearm to the airbag module door is related to most of the fractures identified. Steering wheel airbag deployments can fling the hand-forearm into the instrument panel, rearview mirror, or windshield, as indicated by contact scuffs, tissue debris, or the star burst (spider web) pattern of windshield breakage in fron of the steering wheel.
Minor injuries of the upper extremity can occur when contacted by the deploying airbag either directly or by flinging the hand-forearm into interior car structures. Fractures of the forearm are rare and usually are due to direct impact by the forceful opening of the airbag module door.
临床医生对上肢安全气囊损伤的细节相对了解较少。本文介绍的损伤情况应能让急诊医生清楚了解可能出现的前臂、手部和腕部损伤机制。
在对325辆配备安全气囊的乘用车进行碰撞调查后，我们呈现了一部分与安全气囊展开相关的上肢损伤情况。
手部、腕部或前臂的轻微损伤——挫伤、擦伤和扭伤——时有报道。手部骨折虽不常见，但也有发生，个别情况下还会出现前臂骨、拇指、腕部或手指骨折。前臂与安全气囊模块门距离较近，这与大多数已确认的骨折有关。方向盘安全气囊展开时，会将手 - 前臂甩到仪表板、后视镜或挡风玻璃上，方向盘前方挡风玻璃上的接触擦痕、组织碎片或星形破裂（蜘蛛网）图案可证明这一点。
安全气囊展开时直接接触或通过将手 - 前臂甩到车内结构上，都可能导致上肢轻微损伤。前臂骨折很少见，通常是由于安全气囊模块门强力打开产生的直接撞击所致。
