King A I, Yang K H
Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
J Trauma. 1995 Apr;38(4):570-6. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199504000-00017.
This paper discusses the biomechanical bases for occupant protection against frontal and side impact. Newton's Laws of Motion are used to illustrate the effect of a crash on restrained and unrestrained occupants, and the concept of ride down is discussed. Occupant protection through the use of energy absorbing materials is described, and the mechanism of injury of some of the more common injuries is explained. The role of the three-point belt and the airbag in frontal protection is discussed along with the potential injuries that can result from the use of these restraint systems. Side impact protection is more difficult to attain but some protection can be derived from the use of padding or a side impact airbag. It is concluded that the front seat occupants are adequately protected against frontal impact if belts are worn in an airbag equipped vehicle. Side impact protection may not be uniform in all vehicles.
本文讨论了乘员正面和侧面碰撞保护的生物力学基础。运用牛顿运动定律来说明碰撞对系安全带和未系安全带乘员的影响，并讨论了减速度的概念。描述了通过使用能量吸收材料来保护乘员的方法，并解释了一些较常见损伤的致伤机制。讨论了三点式安全带和安全气囊在正面保护中的作用，以及使用这些约束系统可能导致的潜在损伤。侧面碰撞保护更难实现，但使用衬垫或侧面碰撞安全气囊可提供一定程度的保护。得出的结论是，如果在配备安全气囊的车辆中系好安全带，前排座位乘员能够得到充分的正面碰撞保护。侧面碰撞保护在所有车辆中可能并不一致。
