Segui-Gomez M
Risk Analysis and Injury Control and Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass., USA.
Am J Public Health. 2000 Oct;90(10):1575-81. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.10.1575.
This analysis provided effectiveness estimates of the driver-side air bag while controlling for severity of the crash and other potential confounders.
Data were from the National Automotive Sampling System (1993-1996). Injury severity was described on the basis of the Abbreviated Injury Scale, Injury Severity Score, Functional Capacity Index, and survival. Ordinal, linear, and logistic multivariate regression methods were used.
Air bag deployment in frontal or near-frontal crashes decreases the probability of having severe and fatal injuries (e.g., Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 4-6), including those causing a long-lasting high degree of functional limitation. However, air bag deployment in low-severity crashes increases the probability that a driver (particularly a woman) will sustain injuries of Abbreviated Injury Scale level 1 to 3. Air bag deployment exerts a net injurious effect in low-severity crashes and a net protective effect in high-severity crashes. The level of crash severity at which air bags are protective is higher for female than for male drivers.
Air bag improvement should minimize the injuries induced by their deployment. One possibility is to raise their deployment level so that they deploy only in more severe crashes.
本分析在控制碰撞严重程度和其他潜在混杂因素的同时，提供了驾驶员侧安全气囊的有效性估计。
数据来自国家汽车抽样系统（1993 - 1996年）。损伤严重程度根据简略损伤量表、损伤严重度评分、功能能力指数和生存率进行描述。使用了有序、线性和逻辑多元回归方法。
在正面或接近正面碰撞中展开安全气囊可降低遭受严重和致命损伤（例如简略损伤量表评分为4 - 6分）的概率，包括那些导致长期高度功能受限的损伤。然而，在低严重度碰撞中展开安全气囊会增加驾驶员（尤其是女性）遭受简略损伤量表1至3级损伤的概率。安全气囊展开在低严重度碰撞中产生净伤害效应，在高严重度碰撞中产生净保护效应。安全气囊具有保护作用的碰撞严重程度水平，女性驾驶员高于男性驾驶员。
安全气囊的改进应尽量减少其展开所导致的损伤。一种可能性是提高其展开水平，使其仅在更严重的碰撞中展开。
