Durette-Desset M C, Beveridge I, Spratt D M
Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, Protistologie, Helminthologie Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Int J Parasitol. 1994 Dec;24(8):1139-65. doi: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)90188-0.
The Strongylida are thought to have arisen from free-living rhabditoid nematodes, but the relationships between the major groupings within the Strongylida, the Strongylina, the Metastrongylina, Trichostrongylina and the Ancylostomatina are far from clear in spite of the abundance of morphological data now available for analysis. Evolutionary mechanisms including co-evolution, host switching, host dispersal, use of intermediate hosts, various sites of localisation within the definitive host and modifications of life-cycle strategies appear to have been utilised in the expansion of the Strongylida, with different mechanisms predominating in different families or superfamilies. Co-evolution appears to have been a major mode of evolution in the Strongylina, in contrast to the Trichostrongylina, which have used host dispersal and host-switching to great advantage. The phylogeny of the Ancylostomatina shows little association with host evolution, but does match the feeding preferences of the hosts. The Metastrongylina have utilised intermediate hosts and life cycle modifications including a shift to extra-intestinal sites as major means of diversification, in contrast to the other sub-orders. The review, while indicating much progress in our understanding of the phylogeny of the Strongylida, also reveals that enormous gaps still exist, and emphasises the tentative nature of many of the phylogenetic hypotheses tendered to date.
圆线目线虫被认为起源于自由生活的小杆线虫类，但尽管现在有大量形态学数据可供分析，圆线目内主要类群（圆线亚目、后圆线亚目、毛圆线亚目和钩口亚目）之间的关系仍远未明确。包括协同进化、宿主转换、宿主扩散、中间宿主的利用、终末宿主体内不同的定位位点以及生命周期策略的改变等进化机制，似乎在圆线目的扩张过程中都曾被利用，不同的机制在不同的科或总科中占主导地位。与毛圆线亚目不同，协同进化似乎是圆线亚目的主要进化模式，毛圆线亚目极大地利用了宿主扩散和宿主转换。钩口亚目的系统发育与宿主进化几乎没有关联，但与宿主的摄食偏好相匹配。与其他亚目不同，后圆线亚目利用中间宿主和生命周期的改变（包括向肠外位点转移）作为主要的多样化手段。这篇综述虽然表明我们在理解圆线目系统发育方面取得了很大进展，但也揭示出仍然存在巨大差距，并强调了迄今为止提出的许多系统发育假说的试探性本质。
