Epstein J A, Botvin G J, Diaz T, Toth V, Schinke S P
Institute for Prevention Research, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1995 Feb;16(1):14-20.
Limited information is available about the etiology of illicit drug use among minority youth. This study examined predictors of marijuana use and intentions to use marijuana, cocaine/crack, and other drugs for African-American and Hispanic seventh graders (N = 757). Self-reports of marijuana use and intentions to use drugs were collected along with data concerning background, social environmental, and individual characteristics hypothesized to be related to drug use. Results indicated that social influences, including adults, friends, and the most admired person's marijuana use, predicted marijuana use. Individual characteristics, such as a lack of knowledge about the prevalence and negative social consequences of marijuana use, positive attitudes toward marijuana use, and inadequate social, communication, and refusal skills increased suspectability to marijuana use. Lack of self-efficacy was related to intentions to use cocaine and other drugs. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the development of effective prevention programs.
关于少数族裔青少年使用非法药物的病因，现有信息有限。本研究调查了非裔美国人和西班牙裔七年级学生（N = 757）使用大麻的预测因素以及使用大麻、可卡因/快克和其他药物的意向。收集了关于大麻使用和使用药物意向的自我报告，以及与假设与药物使用相关的背景、社会环境和个人特征的数据。结果表明，包括成年人、朋友以及最钦佩的人的大麻使用在内的社会影响因素能够预测大麻的使用情况。个人特征，如对大麻使用的普遍性和负面社会后果缺乏了解、对大麻使用持积极态度以及社交、沟通和拒绝技巧不足等，会增加使用大麻的易感性。自我效能感的缺乏与使用可卡因和其他药物的意向有关。针对有效预防项目的开展，本文讨论了这些研究结果的意义。
