Williams C, Epstein J A, Botvin G J, Schinke S P, Diaz T
Institute for Prevention Research, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1998 Jun;19(3):145-54. doi: 10.1097/00004703-199806000-00001.
Youth residing in low income, inner city, public housing developments might be extremely vulnerable to psychosocial risk factors associated with alcohol use. In this study, we developed and tested a model of alcohol etiology with 624 African-American and Hispanic 7th graders residing in public housing developments. The students completed questionnaires concerning their alcohol use, social influences on their drinking, their drinking attitudes and knowledge, their psychosocial skills, and demographic and behavioral control information. Logistic regression analyses indicated that social influences from adults, friends, and family members predicted alcohol use. Individual psychosocial characteristics, e.g., drinking refusal, lowered the odds of drinking. These findings imply that effective prevention approaches targeting minority urban youths residing in public housing developments should provide them with an awareness of social influences to drink, correct misperceptions concerning the prevalence of drinking, and train them in relevant psychosocial skills.
居住在低收入、市中心内城公共住房开发区的青少年可能极易受到与饮酒相关的社会心理风险因素的影响。在本研究中，我们针对居住在公共住房开发区的624名非裔美国人和西班牙裔七年级学生，开发并测试了一种酒精病因模型。学生们完成了关于他们饮酒情况、饮酒的社会影响、饮酒态度和知识、社会心理技能以及人口统计学和行为控制信息的问卷调查。逻辑回归分析表明，来自成年人、朋友和家庭成员的社会影响可预测饮酒情况。个体的社会心理特征，如饮酒拒绝，会降低饮酒几率。这些发现意味着，针对居住在公共住房开发区的少数族裔城市青少年的有效预防方法，应让他们意识到饮酒的社会影响，纠正对饮酒普遍性的错误认知，并对他们进行相关社会心理技能的培训。
