Radiologic study of the accuracy of a tibial intramedullary cutting guide for knee arthroplasty.

Twenty-one caucasian, adult cadaveric tibiae were prepared as for knee arthroplasty using an intramedullary cutting guide. The instrumentation was used to produce slots in the proximal tibia into which Kirschner wires were placed as radio-opaque markers for subsequent anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The anatomic axis of the tibia and lines perpendicular to the wire markers were drawn on the radiographs and the angle between the two lines was measured to assess the accuracy of the cuts. Seventy-one percent of the tibial cuts were found to be within 2 degrees of the anatomic axis on the anteroposterior radiograph (mean, 2.1 degrees), while on the lateral radiograph, 81% of the cuts were within 2 degrees (mean, 1.8 degrees). There was a significant tendency to position the bone cuts in varus (P < .05), although this did not correlate with varus or valgus deformity of the bones. There was no consistent tendency to anterior or posterior tilt on the lateral radiograph (P > .05). The results compare favorably with those obtained from a specialist unit using an extramedullary alignment system. The authors conclude that the tibial intramedullary guide can lead to preparation of the proximal tibia for knee arthroplasty as accurately as the conventional extramedullary system.