Sánchez Moreno A, Ramos García E, Marset Campos P
Instituto Politécnico, Murcia.
Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr). 1993 May-Jun;67(3):201-15.
The community health participation is an important issue for all health systems based on a Primary Health Care, which emphasizes prevention and promotion, as a complement to assistance. In this survey, the social attitude towards health participation is studied, taking into account the different research paradigms on Social Sciences, the models of health behaviours, the meaning of participation and the meaning of the own attitudes.
A Likert scale of 18 items, which constitutes a part of a general health survey of 128 variables, is elaborated and validated. It is complemented with a personal interview to 1371 persons in a random sample from four health areas.
The data obtained show that there are neither statistical significant differences among areas in relation with having or not a Health Council, nor between men and women. The attitudes towards participation are more favourable among young people, bachelors and persons from a high socioeconomic status, hig degree studies, white collar professions, and the persons going to the doctor with the lowest frequency, show a positive tendency. The factorial analysis identifies three dimensions: a) Self-care, b) political and c) community health agent. The discriminant analysis shows that variables (age, civil, status, socioeconomic level, studies...) classify correctly 74% of cases.
The personal profile, showing a health participative attitude, is consistent, in most variables, with that published by previous reports.
社区健康参与对于所有基于初级卫生保健的卫生系统而言都是一个重要问题，初级卫生保健强调预防和促进，作为医疗服务的补充。在本次调查中，我们研究了社会对健康参与的态度，同时考虑了社会科学的不同研究范式、健康行为模型、参与的意义以及自身态度的意义。
编制并验证了一个由18个项目组成的李克特量表，该量表是一项包含128个变量的一般健康调查的一部分。通过对来自四个健康区域的1371人进行随机抽样，并辅以个人访谈。
所获得的数据表明，在是否设有健康委员会方面，各区域之间以及男女之间均无统计学上的显著差异。年轻人、单身人士、社会经济地位高、学历高、从事白领职业以及看医生频率最低的人群对参与的态度更为积极，呈现出积极的倾向。因子分析确定了三个维度：a）自我保健，b）政治，c）社区健康因素。判别分析表明，变量（年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济水平、学历等）能够正确分类74%的案例。
在大多数变量中，表现出健康参与态度的个人特征与先前报告公布的特征一致。
