Conesa Catalina, Ríos Antonio, Ramírez Pablo, del Mar Rodríguez María, Rivas Pilar, Parrilla Pascual
Murcia Region Transplant Coordination Centre, Ronda de Levante no. 11, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 Nov;19(11):2874-82. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh466. Epub 2004 Aug 17.
Our aim was to determine public attitudes towards living donation compared with cadaveric donation, and to analyse psycho-social factors that may influence this attitude.
An opinion poll was used to study a random sample in two geographical areas (urban and rural). Assessment was made of attitudes towards donation of one's own organs as a living donor to an unknown person, as a living donor to a relative and/or close acquaintance and, as a cadaveric donor, and of the different psycho-social variables that may influence this attitude.
In the urban setting, 60% had a favourable response towards cadaveric donation; 29% were in favour of living kidney donation to an unknown person, a percentage which increased to 89% for donation to a relative or a friend. These rates were lower for liver (21 and 74%, respectively). When asked if they would accept an organ donated by a relative or a friend, 67% would accept a kidney and 60% a liver. Attitude towards living donation to an unknown person is more positive among those in favour of cadaveric donation and those who have had previous experience of donation. With respect to level of education, university students are more undecided about living donation to an unknown person than the other groups. In terms of attitude towards donation to relatives and/or friends, there is also the influence of social factors (sex, marital status). However, if the living donation is intended for oneself, there is no variable with which to associate this attitude. In the rural setting, 56% of the respondents refused to complete the survey due to fear of living donation. No statistical study was conducted due to the bias of the rural sample.
There is great fear and ignorance of living donation among the rural population, and uncertainties in the urban population, although attitudes are more positive towards living donation to relatives and/or friends than towards cadaveric donation. These positive attitudes towards living donation are very strongly related to attitudes towards cadaveric donation, previous experience of donation and level of education.
我们的目标是确定公众对活体捐赠与尸体捐赠的态度，并分析可能影响这种态度的心理社会因素。
采用民意调查研究两个地理区域（城市和农村）的随机样本。评估了作为活体捐赠者向陌生人、向亲属和/或亲密熟人捐赠自己器官的态度，以及作为尸体捐赠者的态度，以及可能影响这种态度的不同心理社会变量。
在城市环境中，60%的人对尸体捐赠持积极态度；29%的人赞成向陌生人活体捐赠肾脏，向亲属或朋友捐赠的比例增至89%。肝脏捐赠的比例较低（分别为21%和74%）。当被问及是否会接受亲属或朋友捐赠的器官时，67%的人会接受肾脏，60%的人会接受肝脏。在赞成尸体捐赠的人和有过捐赠经历的人中，对向陌生人活体捐赠的态度更为积极。就教育程度而言，大学生对向陌生人活体捐赠的态度比其他群体更为犹豫。在对向亲属和/或朋友捐赠的态度方面，也受到社会因素（性别、婚姻状况）的影响。然而，如果活体捐赠是给自己，这种态度没有相关变量。在农村环境中，56%的受访者因担心活体捐赠而拒绝完成调查。由于农村样本存在偏差，未进行统计研究。
农村人口对活体捐赠存在极大的恐惧和无知，城市人口存在不确定性，尽管对向亲属和/或朋友活体捐赠的态度比对尸体捐赠更为积极。这些对活体捐赠的积极态度与对尸体捐赠的态度、以前的捐赠经历和教育程度密切相关。
