Xu R, Nadaud M C, Ebraheim N A, Yeasting R A
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, USA.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Feb 1;20(3):259-63. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199502000-00001.
This study assessed numerous structural features of the second cervical vertebra (C2), describing the projection point of the pedicle on its posterior aspect.
Evaluation of the specimens included quantitative description of 18 linear and four angular parameters, which then were correlated between male and female specimens. The point of projection of the C2 pedicle axis was described with an emphasis on a perspective relevant to a posterior approach.
The literature regarding the anatomy of the axis focuses mainly on the dens. Very little research regarding the quantitative study of the C2 pedicle has been reported.
Fifty dry C2 cervical vertebrae (30 male, 20 female) were obtained for anatomic measurements. Anatomic evaluation focused on the pedicle, vertebral body, dens, superior facet, and vertebral canal. All measurements were made using calipers and a standard rule linear measurements and a goniometer for angular measures. Based on the measurement of 50 specimens, including 18 linear and four angular parameters, the mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated for all of the specimens and for male and female separately.
A significant difference was found to exist for 11 of 18 linear measurements and one of four angular parameters. The projection point of the pedicle axis on the posterior aspect of the lateral mass was described with an emphasis on a perspective relevant to a posterior surgical approach. The location of the projection point of the pedicle axis was found to be 5.4 +/- 1.2 mm inferior to the horizontal line, and 7.2 +/- 1.3 mm lateral to the vertical line. The pedicle axis was found to lie at 33 degrees in the medial direction and 20 degrees in the superior direction form the point of pedicle axis projection.
When the techniques described here are used, the findings may be helpful in cases involving C2 when surgical intervention and instrumentation are desired.
本研究评估了第二颈椎（C2）的众多结构特征，描述了椎弓根在其后侧的投影点。
对标本的评估包括对18个线性参数和4个角度参数的定量描述，然后对男性和女性标本进行相关性分析。描述了C2椎弓根轴的投影点，重点是与后路手术相关的视角。
关于枢椎解剖结构的文献主要集中在齿突上。关于C2椎弓根定量研究的报道很少。
获取50个干燥的C2颈椎（30个男性，20个女性）进行解剖测量。解剖评估重点关注椎弓根、椎体、齿突、上关节面和椎管。所有测量均使用卡尺和标准直尺进行线性测量，使用量角器进行角度测量。基于对50个标本（包括18个线性参数和4个角度参数）的测量，分别计算了所有标本以及男性和女性标本的平均值、范围和标准差。
在18个线性测量中有11个以及4个角度参数中的1个存在显著差异。描述了椎弓根轴在侧块后侧的投影点，重点是与后路手术相关的视角。发现椎弓根轴投影点的位置在水平线下方5.4±1.2mm处，垂直线外侧7.2±1.3mm处。发现椎弓根轴从椎弓根轴投影点向内呈33度方向，向上呈20度方向。
当使用此处描述的技术时，这些发现可能有助于涉及C2且需要手术干预和器械操作的病例。
