Andersson M, Greiff L, Svensson C, Persson C
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1995;252 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S22-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02484430.
Hyper-reactivity to non-specific challenges has been considered a hallmark of asthma and is defined as an abnormal responsiveness of the bronchial airways to a variety of provocative agents. The mechanisms underlying hyper-reactivity in the upper and lower airways are not known. By using the nose to study the inflammatory response possible abnormalities can be investigated carefully and pathophysiology of specific airway hyper-reactivities can be better understood. Other factors than merely constriction of the bronchial smooth muscles can cause narrowing of the free lumen to airflow. Functionally different and very distinct mucosal end-organ reactivities may also be increased. If these reactivities can be well assessed, specific airway hyper-reactivity can be defined. In the present report, specific mucosal end-organ hyper-reactivities in the allergic nasal mucosa are presented. Certain widespread hypotheses, such as the role of the eosinophil and the "increased absorption permeability theory", are disputed.
对非特异性刺激的高反应性一直被认为是哮喘的一个标志，它被定义为支气管气道对多种刺激物的异常反应性。上、下气道高反应性的潜在机制尚不清楚。通过利用鼻腔来研究炎症反应，可以仔细研究可能存在的异常情况，并能更好地理解特定气道高反应性的病理生理学。除了支气管平滑肌收缩之外，其他因素也可能导致气流自由腔变窄。功能上不同且非常独特的黏膜终末器官反应性也可能增加。如果能够很好地评估这些反应性，就可以定义特定的气道高反应性。在本报告中，展示了变应性鼻黏膜中特定的黏膜终末器官高反应性。某些广泛存在的假设，如嗜酸性粒细胞的作用和“吸收通透性增加理论”，受到了质疑。
