Kipke M D, O'Connor S, Palmer R, MacKenzie R G
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995 May;149(5):513-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170180043006.
To characterize an urban street youth population, their self-reported rates of drug use, and their involvement in behaviors that put them at risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.
A brief structured interview was administered to 409 youths who had been living on the streets for 2 or more consecutive months, or who were fully integrated into the "street economy."
Thirty percent of the sample were recruited from community-based service sites and 70% were recruited from street locations and at natural hangouts.
Youths were aged 12 to 23 years; 74% were male, 48% were ethnic minorities, 72% were homeless, 14% were gang affiliated, 20% were involved in drug dealing, 43% were engaged in survival sex (ie, the exchange of a sexual favor for money, food, a place to stay, clothes, and/or drugs), and 40% were homosexual or bisexual.
Seventy percent of the youths were sexually active, with an average of 11.7 sexual partners (past 30 days). Youths with multiple sexual partners were more likely to have had a previous sexually transmitted disease (P < .01), to use drugs during sex (P < .001), and to be involved in survival sex (P < .001). Marijuana (55%), methamphetamine (62%), and crack (38%) were the drugs of choice, with 30% of the sample reporting injecting drug use (58% of this subset reported injecting drug use within the past 30 days). Substance-abusing youth were 3.6 times more likely to use drugs during sex, 2.2 times more likely to engage in survival sex, and 2.5 times more likely to have been diagnosed as having a sexually transmitted disease.
High-risk sexual and drug use behaviors were prevalent and interrelated in this urban street youth sample. This suggests the need for new and innovative educational promotions and prevention interventions targeted to this population.
描述城市街头青少年群体的特征、他们自我报告的吸毒率以及他们参与的使其面临感染人类免疫缺陷病毒风险行为的情况。
对409名青少年进行了简短的结构化访谈，这些青少年连续两个月或更长时间流落街头，或完全融入“街头经济”。
30%的样本从社区服务场所招募，70%从街头地点和自然聚集点招募。
青少年年龄在12至23岁之间；74%为男性，48%为少数族裔，72%无家可归，14%加入帮派，20%参与毒品交易，43%从事以性换生存活动（即通过性行为换取金钱、食物、住处、衣服和/或毒品），40%为同性恋或双性恋。
70%的青少年有性活动，过去30天内平均有11.7个性伴侣。有多个性伴侣 的青少年更有可能曾患性传播疾病（P<0.01）、在性行为中吸毒（P<0.001）以及从事以性换生存活动（P<0.001）。大麻（55%）、甲基苯丙胺（62%）和强效可卡因（38%）是首选毒品，30%的样本报告有注射吸毒行为（该亚组中58%报告在过去30天内有注射吸毒行为）。滥用药物的青少年在性行为中吸毒的可能性高3.6倍，从事以性换生存活动的可能性高2.2倍，被诊断患有性传播疾病的可能性高2.5倍。
在这个城市街头青少年样本中，高风险的性和吸毒行为普遍存在且相互关联。这表明需要针对这一人群开展新的、创新的教育推广和预防干预措施。
