Moran D, Shapiro Y, Epstein Y, Burstein R, Stroschein L, Pandolf K B
Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Ergonomics. 1995 May;38(5):1011-8. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925167.
Models to predict rectal temperature (Tre) have been based on indoor laboratory studies. The present study was conducted to validate and adjust a previously suggested model for outdoor environmental conditions. Four groups of young male volunteers were exposed to three different climatic conditions (30 degrees C, 65% rh; 31 degrees C, 41% rh; 40 degrees C, 20% rh). They were tested both in shaded and open field areas (radiation: 80 and 900 W.m-2, respectively) at different work loads (100, 300 and 450 watt). Exercise consisted of two bouts of 10 minutes rest and 50 minutes walking on a treadmill, at a constant speed (1.4 m.s-1) and different grades. The subjects were tested wearing cotton fatigues and protective garments. Their Tre and heart rate were monitored every 5 min and skin temperature every 15 min, oxygen uptake was measured towards the end of each bout of exercise; concomitantly, ambient temperature, relative humidity and solar load were monitored. We concluded that: (a) the corrected model to predict rectal temperature overestimates the actual measurements when applied outdoors; (b) radiative and convective heat exchanges should be considered separately when using the model outdoors; (c) radiative heat exchange should also be considered separately for short-wave radiation (solar radiation) and long-wave emission from the body to the atmosphere. Finally, an adjusted model to be used outdoors was suggested.
预测直肠温度（Tre）的模型一直基于室内实验室研究。本研究旨在验证并调整先前提出的适用于室外环境条件的模型。四组年轻男性志愿者暴露于三种不同的气候条件下（30摄氏度，相对湿度65%；31摄氏度，相对湿度41%；40摄氏度，相对湿度20%）。他们在不同工作负荷（100、300和450瓦）下分别在阴凉处和开阔场地（辐射强度分别为80和900瓦·平方米）进行测试。运动包括两段，先休息10分钟，然后在跑步机上以恒定速度（1.4米·秒）和不同坡度行走50分钟。受试者穿着棉质工作服和防护服进行测试。每5分钟监测一次他们的直肠温度和心率，每15分钟监测一次皮肤温度，在每次运动结束时测量摄氧量；同时，监测环境温度、相对湿度和太阳辐射量。我们得出以下结论：（a）用于预测直肠温度的校正模型在户外应用时高估了实际测量值；（b）在户外使用该模型时，应分别考虑辐射热交换和对流热交换；（c）对于短波辐射（太阳辐射）和人体向大气的长波辐射，也应分别考虑辐射热交换。最后，提出了一个适用于户外的调整模型。
