Gonzalez R R, Endrusick T L, Santee W R
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998 Nov;69(11):1076-82.
Thermoregulatory responses were studied during rest and exercise in men wearing diverse handwear with an extended cold-weather clothing system [ECWCS]. The ECWCS (thermal insulation = 3.6 clo (1 clo = thermal resistance approximately 0.155 m2.K.W(-1)); weight = 10.1 kg) incorporates skin-tight polypropylene underwear, polyester/cotton fatigues, polyester-insulated liners, balaclava, vapor-barrier boots, and polytetrafluroethylene [PTFE]-lined outer garments.
Six fit males each rested (M = 71 W.m(-2) and performed treadmill exercise (M = 171 W.m(-2)) while wearing the following handwear with the ECWCS: a light duty glove (LD, clo = 0.86), a heavy duty glove (HD, clo = 1.05), or an Arctic mitten (AM, clo = 1.46). Cold exposures were at Ta = 0 degrees C, -20 degrees C, and -30 degrees C; rh = 20%; wind speed = 10.34 m.s(-1). Exposure was a target period of 120 min designated as maximal endurance time (ET, min). All experiments were performed on separate days. Rectal (Tre), middle finger (Tmf), and mean weighted skin (Tsk) temperatures were recorded continuously; oxygen uptake and heart rate were measured periodically and total body weight loss msw, g.h(-1)) was determined after each run.
During rest at 0 degrees C, the ECWCS maintained Tre at 37 degrees C for the maximal ET with all handwear configurations; for each lower ambient condition, steady-state Tre dropped -0.2 degrees C per each 10 C decrease in Ta.Tmf at or near 5 degrees C prior to the maximal ET was the basis for premature attrition; Tsk of 29.4 degrees C was associated with subjective thermal discomfort. ET was predicted adequately by combining Tmf, heat production, Tre and Tsk.
The ECWCS with specific handwear furnish adequate ET in cold-dry ambients provided that ventilation and removal of extra layers is an option during heavy exercise and thermal insulation is not decreased by body moisture.
研究了穿着带有扩展寒冷天气服装系统[ECWCS]的不同手套的男性在休息和运动期间的体温调节反应。ECWCS（热绝缘=3.6 clo（1 clo =热阻约0.155平方米·开尔文·瓦（-1））；重量=10.1千克）包括紧身聚丙烯内衣、聚酯/棉工作服、聚酯绝缘衬里、巴拉克拉法帽、防潮靴和聚四氟乙烯[PTFE]衬里的外衣。
六名健康男性在穿着ECWCS搭配以下手套时，分别进行休息（M = 71瓦·平方米（-2））和跑步机运动（M = 171瓦·平方米（-2））：轻型手套（LD，clo = 0.86）、重型手套（HD，clo = 1.05）或北极连指手套（AM，clo = 1.46）。冷暴露温度为Ta = 0摄氏度、-20摄氏度和-30摄氏度；相对湿度=20%；风速=10.34米·秒（-1）。暴露时间为指定的120分钟目标时间段，即最大耐力时间（ET，分钟）。所有实验均在不同日期进行。连续记录直肠温度（Tre）、中指温度（Tmf）和平均加权皮肤温度（Tsk）；定期测量摄氧量和心率，并在每次跑步后测定总体重减轻量（msw，克·小时（-1））。
在0摄氏度休息期间，对于所有手套配置，ECWCS在最大ET期间将Tre维持在37摄氏度；对于每一个更低的环境条件，Ta每降低10摄氏度，稳态Tre下降0.2摄氏度。在最大ET之前，Tmf在5摄氏度或接近5摄氏度是过早磨损的基础；Tsk为29.4摄氏度与主观热不适相关。通过结合Tmf、产热、Tre和Tsk可以充分预测ET。
只要在剧烈运动期间可以选择通风和脱掉额外的衣物层，并且身体水分不会降低热绝缘，带有特定手套的ECWCS在寒冷干燥的环境中可提供足够的ET。
