Hodder Simon G, Parsons Ken
Department of Design and Technology, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Int J Biometeorol. 2007 Jan;51(3):233-50. doi: 10.1007/s00484-006-0050-y. Epub 2006 Aug 29.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between simulated solar radiation and thermal comfort. Three studies investigated the effects of (1) the intensity of direct simulated solar radiation, (2) spectral content of simulated solar radiation and (3) glazing type on human thermal sensation responses. Eight male subjects were exposed in each of the three studies. In Study 1, subjects were exposed to four levels of simulated solar radiation: 0, 200, 400 and 600 Wm(-2). In Study 2, subjects were exposed to simulated solar radiation with four different spectral contents, each with a total intensity of 400 Wm(-2) on the subject. In Study 3, subjects were exposed through glass to radiation caused by 1,000 Wm(-2) of simulated solar radiation on the exterior surface of four different glazing types. The environment was otherwise thermally neutral where there was no direct radiation, predicted mean vote (PMV)=0+/-0.5, [International Standards Organisation (ISO) standard 7730]. Ratings of thermal sensation, comfort, stickiness and preference and measures of mean skin temperature (t(sk)) were taken. Increase in the total intensity of simulated solar radiation rather than the specific wavelength of the radiation is the critical factor affecting thermal comfort. Thermal sensation votes showed that there was a sensation scale increase of 1 scale unit for each increase of direct radiation of around 200 Wm(-2). The specific spectral content of the radiation has no direct effect on thermal sensation. The results contribute to models for determining the effects of solar radiation on thermal comfort in vehicles, buildings and outdoors.
本研究的目的是调查模拟太阳辐射与热舒适性之间的关系。三项研究探讨了以下因素的影响：（1）直接模拟太阳辐射的强度；（2）模拟太阳辐射的光谱成分；（3）玻璃类型对人体热感觉反应的影响。每项研究中有八名男性受试者参与。在研究1中，受试者暴露于四个等级的模拟太阳辐射下：0、200、400和600 Wm(-2)。在研究2中，受试者暴露于具有四种不同光谱成分的模拟太阳辐射下，每种成分在受试者身上的总强度均为400 Wm(-2)。在研究3中，受试者透过玻璃暴露于由四种不同玻璃类型外表面1000 Wm(-2)的模拟太阳辐射所产生的辐射下。在没有直接辐射的情况下，环境在热方面是中性的，预测平均投票值（PMV）=0±0.5，[国际标准化组织（ISO）标准7730]。记录热感觉、舒适度、黏腻感和偏好的评分以及平均皮肤温度（t(sk)）的测量值。影响热舒适性的关键因素是模拟太阳辐射总强度的增加，而非辐射的特定波长。热感觉投票显示，直接辐射每增加约200 Wm(-2)，感觉量表就会增加1个单位。辐射的特定光谱成分对热感觉没有直接影响。这些结果有助于建立用于确定太阳辐射对车辆、建筑物和户外热舒适性影响的模型。
