Rosner D, Markowitz G
J Public Health Policy. 1995 Spring;16(1):29-58.
This essay focuses on the early history of industry and professional relationships around silicosis, the debilitating occupational lung disease, through a study of the role of the Industrial Health Foundation, an industry-sponsored group which has played a critical role in shaping the nation's agenda regarding industrial disease. From its start during the Depression, it has portrayed itself as an industry-sponsored agency that depended upon detached, disinterested professionals and experts to develop effective programs to address occupational disease. As an organization that brought together professional industrial hygienists, business groups, government officials, academics and researchers it serves as a means for understanding the intertwining of industrial and academic agendas. We explore some of the issues that arose regarding public policy and scientific investigations, asking: Under what conditions is it appropriate for professionals and scientists to work together with industrially sponsored organizations? What are the pressures that shape research questions, the range of possible solutions, and the control of scientific data? How can technically trained individuals avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest? At what point does the ostensibly disinterested goals of professionalism conflict with the self-interest of the sponsoring organizations?
本文通过研究工业健康基金会的作用，聚焦于矽肺病（一种使人衰弱的职业性肺病）早期的行业历史及专业关系。工业健康基金会是一个由行业资助的团体，在塑造国家关于职业病的议程方面发挥了关键作用。从大萧条时期成立起，它就将自己描绘成一个由行业资助的机构，依靠公正无私的专业人士和专家来制定有效的职业病防治项目。作为一个汇聚了专业工业卫生学家、商业团体、政府官员、学者和研究人员的组织，它是理解工业议程与学术议程相互交织的一种方式。我们探讨了一些与公共政策和科学调查相关的问题，即：在何种情况下专业人士和科学家与行业资助组织合作是合适的？塑造研究问题、可能的解决方案范围以及科学数据控制的压力有哪些？接受技术培训的个人如何避免实际的或被认为的利益冲突？表面上公正无私的专业目标在何时会与资助组织的自身利益发生冲突？
