Svrcek S, Ondrejka R, Benísek Z, Vrtiak O J, Selimov M A, Závadová J, Durove A, Süliová J, Mad'ar M
Rabiological Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Vet Med (Praha). 1995 Feb;40(2):53-64.
The present work summarizes the results of 11 groups of experiments carried out with the aim to complexly quantify the residual virulence of a cold mutant of the Vnukovo-32/107 rabies virus vaccination strain intended for the preparation of an oral rabies vaccine (Kamark) for the immunization of free-living carnivores. According to WHO prescriptions, residual virulence was quantified in experiments on carnivores, mainly red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)--the presumed target species, and farm-bred polar foxes (Alopex lagopus)--a related species. Further experiments were carried out in cats, dogs, non-target autochthonous micromammals, predatory birds (Microtus arvalis, Apodemus flavicollis, Falco tinnunculus) and in a large number of laboratory animals--white mice. At oral administration (including extremely high doses) the strain Vnukovo-32/107 proved to be apathogenic to the target carnivores--Vulpes vulpe and Alopex lagopus as well as cats, dogs and the autochthonous micromammals. For Falco tinnunculus the strain proved to be apathogenic even at intramuscular and intracerebral administration. The residual virulence of the Vnukovo-32/107 vaccination strain, also quantified by comprehensive model experiments on white mice of different weight categories that had been infected orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracerebrally, by contact, with ingestion of rabic material or by modelled immune suppression, proved to be extremely low-levelled. The strain under investigation revealed a high level of attenuation and a low level of residual virulence and proved to be suitable for the preparation of non-reactogenic oral vaccine intended for foxes, an extremely susceptible target species.
本研究总结了11组实验的结果，这些实验旨在综合量化用于制备口服狂犬病疫苗（Kamark）以免疫野生食肉动物的伏努科沃-32/107狂犬病病毒疫苗株冷适应突变体的残余毒力。根据世界卫生组织的规定，在食肉动物实验中对残余毒力进行了量化，主要是在红狐（赤狐）——假定的目标物种，以及养殖的北极狐（北极狐）——相关物种身上进行实验。还在猫、狗、非目标本地小型哺乳动物、食肉鸟类（普通田鼠、黄颈姬鼠、红隼）以及大量实验动物——小白鼠身上进行了进一步实验。口服给药（包括极高剂量）时，伏努科沃-32/107毒株对目标食肉动物——赤狐、北极狐以及猫、狗和本地小型哺乳动物均无致病性。对于红隼，该毒株即使通过肌肉注射和脑内注射也无致病性。通过对不同体重类别的小白鼠进行口服、皮下、肌肉、脑内、接触、摄入狂犬病材料或模拟免疫抑制等综合模型实验，也对伏努科沃-32/107疫苗株的残余毒力进行了量化。结果表明其残余毒力极低。所研究的毒株显示出高度的减毒和低水平的残余毒力，被证明适合制备针对极易感目标物种狐狸的无反应原性口服疫苗。
