King N A, Blundell J E
Psychology Department, Leeds University, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Feb;49(2):114-23.
To examine the effects of two types of vigorous exercise [cycling (CYC) and running (RUN)] and diet composition on appetite control.
Two studies using separate groups of subjects were used for the two forms of exercise. The studies used a 2 x 2 design with the factors being exercise and diet composition. Therefore both studies had four treatment conditions and used a repeated measures design.
Both studies took place in the Human Appetite Research Unit at Leeds University.
Twenty-four lean, healthy males were recruited from the student staff population of Leeds University.
For both studies a control (no-exercise) and a vigorous exercise session (70% VO2 max) was followed by a free-selection lunch comprising high-fat/low-carbohydrate foods or low-fat/high-carbohydrate foods, during which energy and macronutrient intake was monitored. Motivation to eat was measured by visual analogue scales and by the latency to volitional onset of eating. Energy intake for the remainder of the day (outside of laboratory) was monitored by providing the subjects with airline-style food boxes.
Both CYC and RUN produced similar effects on appetite responses. Both CYC and RUN induced a transitory suppression of hunger (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) and a delay to the onset of eating (P < 0.001). Exercise (whether CYC or RUN) had no significant effect on the total amount of food eaten, but there was a significant effect of lunch type. When provided with the high-fat/low-carbohydrate foods energy intake was significantly elevated (CYC: P < 0.001; and RUN: P < 0.0001). Both types of exercise induced a short-term negative energy balance when followed by the low-fat/high-carbohydrate foods (P < 0.001), which was completely reversed (positive energy balance) when subjects ate from the high-fat/low carbohydrate foods.
These results indicate that eating high-fat foods can prevent exercise inducing any (short-term) negative energy balance. Therefore, in order for exercise to have a significant impact on weight control, it is important to consider the energy density of the accompanying diet. Despite the different physiological aspects of cycling and running, they did not display different effects on appetite.
研究两种剧烈运动[骑自行车（CYC）和跑步（RUN）]及饮食构成对食欲控制的影响。
针对两种运动形式，分别对不同组的受试者进行了两项研究。研究采用2×2设计，因素为运动和饮食构成。因此，两项研究均有四种处理条件，并采用重复测量设计。
两项研究均在利兹大学人体食欲研究室进行。
从利兹大学的学生和教职员工中招募了24名瘦且健康的男性。
在两项研究中，先进行对照（不运动）和剧烈运动（最大摄氧量的70%），之后提供一顿自由选择的午餐，午餐包括高脂肪/低碳水化合物食物或低脂肪/高碳水化合物食物，期间监测能量和常量营养素的摄入量。通过视觉模拟量表和自主进食开始的延迟时间来测量进食动机。通过为受试者提供航空餐食盒来监测当天其余时间（实验室外）的能量摄入。
骑自行车和跑步对食欲反应产生了相似的影响。骑自行车和跑步均引起了饥饿感的短暂抑制（P<0.01和P<0.05）以及进食开始时间的延迟（P<0.001）。运动（无论是骑自行车还是跑步）对进食总量没有显著影响，但午餐类型有显著影响。当提供高脂肪/低碳水化合物食物时，能量摄入量显著升高（骑自行车：P<0.001；跑步：P<0.0001）。当食用低脂肪/高碳水化合物食物时，两种运动均导致短期负能量平衡（P<0.001），而当受试者食用高脂肪/低碳水化合物食物时，这种平衡完全逆转（正能量平衡）。
这些结果表明，食用高脂肪食物可以防止运动引起任何（短期）负能量平衡。因此，为了使运动对体重控制产生显著影响，考虑伴随饮食的能量密度很重要。尽管骑自行车和跑步在生理方面存在差异，但它们对食欲的影响并无不同。
