King N A, Snell L, Smith R D, Blundell J E
Psychology Department, University of Leeds, U.K.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Oct;50(10):663-7.
To examine the short-term effects of exercise and diet composition on appetite in unrestrained females.
A 2 x 2 repeated measures design study was conducted, with exercise and lunch type as the repeated factors.
The Human Appetite Research Unit at Leeds University Psychology department.
13 unrestrained, normal weight females were recruited from the student and staff population of Leeds University.
Subjects were assigned to four experimental treatments in a counterbalanced order. These were a control (no-exercise) session and an intense (70% VO2 max) exercise session followed by a free-selection test lunch consisting of high-fat/low-carbohydrate or low-fat/high-carbohydrate foods. The effects of exercise and lunch type were measured by monitoring energy intake and macronutrient intake during the test lunches only. Visual analogue scales were used to monitor profiles of motivation to eat during the treatments.
Subjects did not experience the marked suppression of hunger induced by exercise, which is a striking and robust finding in men. Moreover, unlike men, females rated a range of foods to be more palatable after exercise (F(1,12) = 8.0, P < 0.05). Similar to male subjects, exercise in females had no significant short-term effect on energy or macronutrient intake. Energy intake was significantly influenced by the fat:carbohydrate composition of the foods available (F(1,12) = 64.7, P < 0.001), and the short-term energy deficit induced by exercise when followed by low-fat lunch was completely wiped out when exercise was followed by a high-fat lunch (F(1,12) = 66.2, P < 0.001).
These results show that there are similarities and differences between males and females in the appetite response to foods varying in macronutrient composition following vigorous exercise. The differences may help to explain why exercise so often produces a disappointing effect on weight control in females.
研究运动和饮食构成对非节食女性食欲的短期影响。
采用2×2重复测量设计研究，将运动和午餐类型作为重复因素。
利兹大学心理学系人类食欲研究室。
从利兹大学的学生和教职员工中招募了13名非节食、体重正常的女性。
受试者按平衡顺序被分配到四种实验处理中。分别是对照（不运动）时段和高强度（最大摄氧量的70%）运动时段，之后是自由选择测试午餐，午餐包含高脂肪/低碳水化合物或低脂肪/高碳水化合物食物。仅通过监测测试午餐期间的能量摄入和宏量营养素摄入来测量运动和午餐类型的影响。使用视觉模拟量表来监测处理过程中进食动机情况。
与男性中显著且稳定的研究结果不同，女性并未因运动而出现明显的饥饿抑制。此外，与男性不同，女性在运动后认为一系列食物更美味（F(1,12) = 8.0，P < 0.05）。与男性受试者相似，运动对女性的能量或宏量营养素摄入没有显著的短期影响。能量摄入受可得食物的脂肪:碳水化合物构成显著影响（F(1,12) = 64.7，P < 0.001），并且运动后若午餐为低脂则产生的短期能量亏空，在运动后午餐为高脂时会完全消除（F(1,12) = 66.2，P < 0.001）。
这些结果表明，在剧烈运动后，男性和女性对宏量营养素构成不同的食物的食欲反应存在异同。这些差异可能有助于解释为何运动对女性体重控制的效果常常不尽人意。
