Kopec J A
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 1995 Mar;40(5):649-56. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00299-9.
This paper describes a new conceptual framework for functional assessment, the Activity Space Model (ASM). According to this model, functional impairments may lead to restrictions in an individual's activity space, a multidimensional space that represents human potential for activity. For each elementary ability, restrictions in the corresponding dimension of the activity space can be evaluated by deriving a difficulty curve that depicts the relationship between the level of performance and the psychophysical cost of activity. The effect of disease on daily functioning is explained in terms of a tradeoff between the psychophysical cost and the value of each act of behavior to the disabled individual. These two constructs are measured on the same scale and expressed in units of difficulty. The location of each task within the activity space in relation to the difficulty curve determines whether it will be performed or avoided at a given point in time. The ASM has both theoretical and practical implications. It offers a new, integrated perspective on disability and suggests new strategies for developing and evaluating functional assessment measures.
本文描述了一种用于功能评估的新概念框架——活动空间模型（ASM）。根据该模型，功能障碍可能导致个体活动空间受到限制，活动空间是一个多维空间，代表了人类的活动潜力。对于每一项基本能力，通过推导一条难度曲线来评估活动空间相应维度的限制，该曲线描绘了表现水平与活动的心理生理成本之间的关系。疾病对日常功能的影响是根据心理生理成本与残疾个体每一个行为动作的价值之间的权衡来解释的。这两个结构在同一尺度上进行测量，并以难度单位表示。每个任务在活动空间中相对于难度曲线的位置决定了它在给定时间点是否会被执行或避免。活动空间模型具有理论和实践意义。它为残疾问题提供了一个新的、综合的视角，并为开发和评估功能评估措施提出了新的策略。
