Herzog C
Schweizerisches Serum- und Impfinstitut, Bern.
Soz Praventivmed. 1995;40(2):93-101. doi: 10.1007/BF01360323.
Mumps is an acute viral infection that is endemic worldwide and that occurs primarily in school-age children and adolescents. The most prominent manifestation is tender swelling of the parotid gland. The course of the disease is usually mild and selflimited. Meningitis and orchitis, the latter more common in postpubertal persons, are less frequent manifestations of this disease. As characteristic of many viral infections the severity of the illness increases with age. In the present review first the most important epidemiologic parameters of mumps are presented, as well as the various clinical manifestations and complications. Further the epidemiology of mumps in developing and in industrialized countries is discussed. Breakthrough infections with mumps occurring with either low or high vaccination coverage are described.
腮腺炎是一种急性病毒感染,呈全球地方性流行,主要发生在学龄儿童和青少年中。最突出的表现是腮腺的疼痛性肿胀。该病病程通常较轻且为自限性。脑膜炎和睾丸炎(后者在青春期后人群中更常见)是该病较少见的表现。如同许多病毒感染的特征一样,疾病的严重程度随年龄增长而增加。在本综述中,首先介绍了腮腺炎最重要的流行病学参数,以及各种临床表现和并发症。此外,还讨论了发展中国家和工业化国家的腮腺炎流行病学。描述了在疫苗接种覆盖率低或高的情况下发生的腮腺炎突破性感染。