Gürtler L
Max v. Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1994 Dec;5 Suppl 3:S5-10; discussion S11-2.
The selection of blood donors and the introduction of tests identifying virus-infected donors has led to a permanent increase in the safety of blood transfusion. In most European countries, there is a low risk of infection from viruses such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Examples of viruses that pose a risk to children but not adults following transfusion-transmitted infection are parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus. Other viruses may be transmitted in the blood but, because of their low pathogenicity and high prevalence, they are not relevant for transfusion. Further work is required to determine the relevance of hepatitis A virus as a blood-borne viral infection. Human T-cell leukaemia virus is seldom transmitted during transfusion but may be an important risk factor in the future in some countries.
献血者的筛选以及引入能够识别病毒感染献血者的检测方法，使得输血安全性得到了永久性提高。在大多数欧洲国家，感染乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒等病毒的风险较低。输血传播感染后对儿童有风险但对成人无风险的病毒例子有细小病毒B19和巨细胞病毒。其他病毒可能通过血液传播，但由于其致病性低且流行率高，它们与输血无关。需要进一步开展工作来确定甲型肝炎病毒作为一种血源性病毒感染的相关性。人类T细胞白血病病毒在输血过程中很少传播，但在未来某些国家可能是一个重要的风险因素。
