Cohen M, Small R A, Brzezinski A
Center for Reproductive Medicine and Breast Cancer Prevention, Letta Center, AMR Pharm Holland B.V.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1995 Mar;33(3):257-64. doi: 10.1007/BF00665950.
The use of the conventional combination oral contraceptives (containing ethinyl-estradiol and a progestin) is associated with reduced risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. However, prolonged use of these pills before first term pregnancy apparently increases the risk of pre menopausal breast cancer. We propose that the pineal gland hormone melatonin, combined with a progestin, as a new and novel oral contraceptive combination might prevent breast cancer in long term users. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that women have a propensity to develop breast cancer which correlates with number of ovulatory cycles over their lifetime. In evolution, the phylogenetic point at which women became sensitive to breast cancer evolved at a transfer point of the mechanism of ovulation from seasonal ovulation, which is still common in many mammalian species, to the current human pattern of continuous ovulatory cycles. We suggest that melatonin/ovarian-steroid contraceptive will restore the lost mechanism of endogenous anovulation, and thus, by preventing continuous epithelial breast cell proliferation, will reduce the risk of breast cancer in long-term users.
使用传统复方口服避孕药（含有炔雌醇和一种孕激素）与卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌风险降低相关。然而，在首次足月妊娠前长期服用这些避孕药显然会增加绝经前乳腺癌的风险。我们提出，松果体激素褪黑素与一种孕激素联合使用，作为一种新型口服避孕药组合，可能会预防长期使用者患乳腺癌。这一假设基于这样一种假设，即女性有患乳腺癌的倾向，且这种倾向与她们一生中排卵周期的数量相关。在进化过程中，女性对乳腺癌变得敏感的系统发育点是在排卵机制从季节性排卵（在许多哺乳动物物种中仍然很常见）转变为当前人类连续排卵周期模式的一个转折点上演变而来的。我们认为，褪黑素/卵巢甾体避孕药将恢复内源性无排卵这一已丧失的机制，因此，通过防止乳腺上皮细胞持续增殖，将降低长期使用者患乳腺癌的风险。
