Pacing for sinus node disease: a therapeutic rationale.

Symptomatic sinus node disease is a common indication for permanent pacemaker implantation. Single-chamber ventricular (VVI) pacing, single-chamber atrial (AAI) stimulation, and dual-chamber (DDD or DDI) systems are used to a varying extent at different implanting centers. Hemodynamic and clinical studies relevant to the choice of pacing mode in these patients are reviewed. The data currently available strongly support the use of pacing systems providing atrial stimulation. The choice between single-chamber atrial or dual-chamber pacing can be based on the relative importance assigned to a number of factors: Hemodynamic aspects, the risk of ventricular lead problems, cost, and complexity aspects favor AAI pacing, whereas patients with a substantial risk of developing atrioventricular block should receive a DDD or DDI unit.