Hétu R, Getty L, Beaudry J, Philibert L
Groupe d'acoustique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Br J Audiol. 1994 Dec;28(6):299-311. doi: 10.3109/03005369409077314.
Previous studies have shown that attitudes of workers towards their hearing impaired colleagues strongly contribute to the psychosocial disadvantages associated with occupational hearing loss (OHL). A questionnaire has been designed to characterize such attitudes. In phase I, a preliminary version consisting of 45 items was divided equally into scales of knowledge, attitudes and reported behaviour towards co-workers affected by OHL. Answers from 176 workers from a metal products plant enabled us to identify discriminative items that belonged to an appropriate factorial structure. In phase II, the response of 125 miners to a second version of the questionnaire, comprising 32 items, permitted further refinement. The final version was tested with 250 workers from three plants. Answers on the scale measuring knowledge showed that noise-exposed workers were not aware of the major consequences of OHL. Attitudes towards hearing impaired co-workers were generally favourable, but this finding appeared to reflect a strong social desirability bias. Reported behaviour indicated that a majority of workers are not inclined to adopt types of conduct that favour communication with people having OHL. Those workers who perceive themselves to be moderately to severely hearing impaired had a more negative image of hearing impaired workers, while reporting more facilitating and helping types of behaviour towards them, they also reported much more frequent contact with them. The findings provide strong indications that hearing impairment in noisy industrial settings frequently goes unnoticed and that many workers who are at risk of developing OHL are often unaware that some of their co-workers are already affected. These findings offer useful leads for the development of an awareness programme on the consequences of OHL.
先前的研究表明，工人对听力受损同事的态度在很大程度上导致了与职业性听力损失（OHL）相关的社会心理劣势。为此设计了一份问卷来描述此类态度。在第一阶段，一个由45个项目组成的初步版本被平均分为关于受OHL影响的同事的知识、态度和报告行为的量表。来自一家金属制品厂的176名工人的回答使我们能够识别出属于适当因子结构的区分性项目。在第二阶段，125名矿工对包含32个项目的问卷第二版的回答允许进一步完善。最终版本在来自三家工厂的250名工人中进行了测试。在测量知识的量表上的回答表明，接触噪音的工人没有意识到OHL的主要后果。对听力受损同事的态度总体上是积极的，但这一发现似乎反映了一种强烈的社会期望偏差。报告的行为表明，大多数工人不倾向于采取有利于与OHL患者沟通的行为方式。那些认为自己有中度至重度听力障碍的工人对听力受损工人的印象更为负面，虽然他们报告了更多有利于沟通和帮助的行为类型，但他们也报告与听力受损工人的接触更为频繁。这些发现有力地表明，在嘈杂的工业环境中，听力障碍常常被忽视，而且许多有发展成OHL风险的工人往往没有意识到他们的一些同事已经受到影响。这些发现为开展关于OHL后果的提高认识计划提供了有用的线索。
