Hétu R, Getty L, Waridel S
Groupe d'acoustique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Br J Audiol. 1994 Dec;28(6):313-25. doi: 10.3109/03005369409077315.
This study was undertaken as a complement to a questionnaire inquiry on attitudes towards co-workers affected by occupational hearing loss (OHL). Four groups of 7 to 11 volunteer participants were recruited among respondents to the questionnaire inquiry. They were interviewed using a focus group technique. Scenarios were prepared to serve as a basis for asking questions aimed at three major objectives: (a) to characterize workers' perception of a co-worker who has an impairment involving no visible signs; (b) to identify the conditions that trigger social withdrawal and isolation behaviour among people affected by OHL, and the conditions that might make the latter decide to seek help; and (c) to define the type and methods of help that might minimize social withdrawal and isolation among hearing impaired workers. The interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim for content analysis using a phenomenological-interpretative framework. The findings can be summarized by the following description of the perception of the problem of OHL among industrial workers. The strong fear of being stigmatized leads those affected by OHL to conceal its manifestations and consequences in their everyday life. As a result, significant others, co-workers, employers and the general population are not aware of such manifestations. Within the workplace, the problem of OHL is generally seen as being inconsequential. In daily interactions among co-workers, its effects are ignored. Within the family, hearing difficulties are often not interpreted as such but they nevertheless affect the workers' significant others. People do not know how to facilitate communication with a person affected by OHL. A large scale multi-target awareness programme is proposed to demarginalize workers affected by OHL. Implications of the findings are drawn in such areas as characterization of attitudes toward workers with hearing impairment, rehabilitation for those affected by OHL, and prevention of OHL.
本研究是对一份关于对受职业性听力损失（OHL）影响的同事态度的问卷调查的补充。在问卷调查的受访者中招募了四组7至11名志愿者参与者。采用焦点小组技术对他们进行访谈。准备了一些情景作为提问的基础，这些问题旨在实现三个主要目标：（a）描述工人对患有无明显体征损伤的同事的看法；（b）确定引发OHL患者社交退缩和孤立行为的条件，以及可能促使后者决定寻求帮助的条件；（c）确定可能最大限度减少听力受损工人社交退缩和孤立的帮助类型和方法。访谈进行了录音，并逐字转录以便使用现象学解释框架进行内容分析。研究结果可以通过以下对产业工人中OHL问题看法的描述进行总结。对被污名化的强烈恐惧导致OHL患者在日常生活中隐瞒其表现和后果。因此，重要他人、同事、雇主和普通大众都没有意识到这些表现。在工作场所，OHL问题通常被视为无关紧要。在同事之间的日常互动中，其影响被忽视。在家庭中，听力困难往往不被这样理解，但它们仍然会影响工人的重要他人。人们不知道如何促进与OHL患者的沟通。建议开展一项大规模的多目标提高认识计划，以使受OHL影响的工人不再被边缘化。研究结果在对听力受损工人的态度特征、OHL患者的康复以及OHL的预防等领域具有启示意义。
