Wolke D, Meyer R, Ohrt B, Riegel K
University of Munich Children's Hospital, Germany.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1995 Feb;36(2):203-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01821.x.
Anecdotal reports have suggested that sleeping problems are a frequent complaint from parents of preterm infants. This prospective epidemiological study examined the incidence and stability of sleeping problems of very preterm (< 32 weeks gestation at birth), preterm (32-36 weeks gestation) and fullterm infants, all admitted to special care baby units (SCBU) after birth, in comparison to healthy term infants over the first 5 years of life. Preterm infants were found to have fewer and shorter night-wakings at 5 months. No differences in sleeping behaviour compared with healthy term children were found at 20 and 56 months of age. Similar significant, and moderate, stability of nightwaking from one age to the next were found for exSCBU-graduates and healthy fullterm infants. Parental interventions such as staying with the child until sleep and taking the infant into bed af night were related to nightwaking problems and increased parental distress. It is concluded that prematurity, and thus neurological immaturity and special care experience are less important than caretaking behaviour in the development of sleeping problems in both preterm and fullterm infants.
轶事报告表明，睡眠问题是早产儿父母经常抱怨的问题。这项前瞻性流行病学研究调查了极早产儿（出生时孕周<32周）、早产儿（32 - 36周孕周）和足月儿出生后入住特殊护理婴儿病房（SCBU）的睡眠问题发生率及稳定性，并与健康足月儿出生后前5年的情况进行了比较。研究发现，早产儿在5个月时夜间醒来次数较少且时间较短。在20个月和56个月大时，与健康足月儿相比，未发现睡眠行为存在差异。对于曾入住特殊护理婴儿病房的出院患儿和健康足月儿，从一个年龄到下一个年龄夜间醒来的显著且适度的稳定性情况相似。诸如陪孩子直到入睡以及夜间将婴儿抱上床等父母干预措施与夜间醒来问题以及父母的苦恼增加有关。研究得出结论，在早产儿和足月儿睡眠问题的发展中，早产以及由此导致的神经发育不成熟和特殊护理经历不如照顾行为重要。
