The structures and cytotoxic properties of polyketide peroxides from a Plakortis sponge.

A morphologically distinct Fijian sponge, Plakortis sp., has yielded two new peroxides, plakortolide E [5] and plakoric acid [12]. After standing for approximately one year, plakortolide E rearranged to plakortolide ether [10]. The structures of plakortolide E [5] and plakortolide ether [10] were established from 2D nmr data and by analogy to a known compound, plakortolide [3]. The stereochemistry of the bicyclic ring substituents of 5 was established using nOe and NOESY nmr data along with comparisons to 3. The absolute stereochemistry at the three chiral sites of 5 was assigned by preparing acyclic compounds 6-9, and both 8 and 9 were investigated using the modified Mosher's method. This represents the first absolute stereochemistry determination for a sponge-derived polyketide peroxide. The characterization of plakoric acid [12] was based on spectral analogies to known polyketides such as plakortin. Plakortolide E [5] exhibited selective potency against the melanoma and breast tumor cell lines in the in vitro 60-cell line panel of the National Cancer Institute.