Nikula K J, Muggenburg B A, Chang I Y, Griffith W C, Hahn F F, Boecker B B
Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
Radiat Res. 1995 Jun;142(3):347-61.
The toxicity of intravenously administered 137CsCl in the beagle dog was investigated as part of a program to evaluate the biological effects of internally deposited fission-product radionuclides. The intravenous route of exposure was chosen for simplicity and accuracy because it was known that after intravenous injection, inhalation or ingestion, internally deposited 137CsCl is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body, exposing the whole body to beta-particle and gamma radiations. Fifty-four dogs were injected intravenously with 137Cs to provide one group of six dogs with mean initial body burdens of 141 MBq 137Cs/kg body mass and four groups of 12 dogs each with mean initial body burdens of 104, 72, 52 and 36 MBq 137Cs/kg. Twelve dogs were injected with isotonic saline as study controls. Because the number of study control dogs was small, data from an additional 49 control dogs from other studies at the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute that were performed over a similar span of years were also used. There was a significant, dose-dependent decrease in survival of the 137Cs-injected dogs. Eleven 137Cs-injected dogs, including all six in the highest initial body burden group, died within 81 days after injection, primarily due to hematopoietic cell damage resulting in severe pancytopenia. An additional 25 dogs had transient hematological dyscrasia but survived for long times. All 137Cs-injected male dogs had marked damage to the germinal epithelium of the testicular seminiferous tubules with azoospermia in the long-term survivors. Benign and malignant neoplasms occurred in a variety of organs in 137Cs-injected dogs, rather than in a single target organ. When individual organs were considered, the incidence of malignant neoplasms was increased in the liver and in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the 137Cs-injected dogs. There was a 137Cs treatment effect in the incidence of malignant neoplasms (P < 0.001) in male dogs but no 137Cs-related treatment effect in female dogs. However, when malignant mammary neoplasms were excluded from the analysis, there was no gender difference, and there was a dose-related response (P < 0.001) in both males and females for the incidence of malignant neoplasms.
作为评估体内沉积裂变产物放射性核素生物学效应计划的一部分，对静脉注射137CsCl在比格犬中的毒性进行了研究。选择静脉注射途径进行暴露是为了简便和准确，因为已知静脉注射、吸入或摄入后，体内沉积的137CsCl会迅速吸收并分布于全身，使全身暴露于β粒子和γ辐射。给54只犬静脉注射137Cs，一组6只犬，平均初始体内负荷为141 MBq 137Cs/kg体重，另外四组每组12只犬，平均初始体内负荷分别为104、72、52和36 MBq 137Cs/kg。12只犬注射等渗盐水作为研究对照。由于研究对照犬数量较少，还使用了吸入毒理学研究所其他研究中在类似时间段内的另外49只对照犬的数据。注射137Cs的犬的存活率出现了显著的剂量依赖性下降。11只注射137Cs的犬，包括初始体内负荷最高组的所有6只犬，在注射后81天内死亡，主要是由于造血细胞损伤导致严重全血细胞减少。另外25只犬有短暂的血液学异常但存活时间较长。所有注射137Cs的雄性犬的睾丸生精小管生精上皮都有明显损伤，长期存活者出现无精子症。注射了137Cs的犬的各种器官中都出现了良性和恶性肿瘤，而非单一靶器官。当考虑单个器官时，注射137Cs的犬的肝脏以及鼻腔和鼻窦中恶性肿瘤的发生率增加。雄性犬恶性肿瘤的发生率有137Cs治疗效应（P < 0.001），但雌性犬无137Cs相关治疗效应。然而，当分析中排除恶性乳腺肿瘤时，没有性别差异，并且雄性和雌性恶性肿瘤的发生率都有剂量相关反应（P < 0.001）。
