Staynor K, Foster G, McArthur M, McGeer A, Petric M, Simor A E
Can J Infect Control. 1994 Winter;9(4):109-11.
An outbreak of respiratory tract infection due to influenza A virus occurred in February 1994 among residents of an 88-bed long term care facility in Toronto, Ontario. Eighteen confirmed and four probable cases of influenza were identified for an attack rate of 25%. Seventy-one per cent of the residents were known to have been immunized with trivalent influenza vaccine, but vaccine efficacy was determined to be only 32%. Influenza A viral antigen was rapidly detected by immunofluorescence microscopy of nasopharyngeal swabs, and amantadine hydrochloride was started in 76 residents within 48 h of recognizing the outbreak. Only two of the residents (3%) at risk became ill more than 48 h after amantadine was started. Amantadine was discontinued in four residents (5%) because of adverse effects (agitation, confusion, unsteady gait). In conclusion, rapid identification of the outbreak and prompt administration of amantadine hydrochloride prophylactically appears to be safe and effective in preventing further spread of influenza A.
1994年2月，安大略省多伦多市一家拥有88张床位的长期护理机构的居民中发生了甲型流感病毒引起的呼吸道感染暴发。共确诊18例流感病例，疑似病例4例，罹患率为25%。已知71%的居民接种了三价流感疫苗，但疫苗效力仅为32%。通过对鼻咽拭子进行免疫荧光显微镜检查，迅速检测出甲型流感病毒抗原，在确认暴发后的48小时内，对76名居民开始使用盐酸金刚烷胺。开始使用金刚烷胺后，只有两名有风险的居民（3%）在48小时后发病。4名居民（5%）因不良反应（躁动、意识模糊、步态不稳）停用了金刚烷胺。总之，快速识别疫情并及时预防性给予盐酸金刚烷胺似乎对预防甲型流感的进一步传播是安全有效的。
