Fisk A D, Cooper B P, Hertzog C, Anderson-Garlach M
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1995 May;50(3):P150-61. doi: 10.1093/geronb/50b.3.p150.
Young and older adults performed skilled memory search after either a 3- or 6-month retention interval. Participants were first trained in consistent-mapping (CM) memory search; then, one of the search conditions was subjected to interfering processing activity prior to the retention interval. Retention testing simultaneously examined situations where interfering processing activity either did or did not intervene between original learning and retention testing. In addition, general task-specific learning was assessed. Results indicate that (a) old and young adults equally retained general, task-specific skills; (b) old adults' performance declined more than young adults' performance for trained CM stimuli; (c) when an interfering processing activity was inserted prior to the retention interval, old adults' performance declined disproportionately more than young adults' performance, especially when compared to the task not subjected to such interference; and (d) for both old and young adults all initial retention deficits were quickly eliminated within retention retraining.
年轻和年长成年人在3个月或6个月的保留间隔后进行了熟练的记忆搜索。参与者首先接受了一致映射（CM）记忆搜索的训练；然后，在保留间隔之前，其中一种搜索条件会受到干扰处理活动的影响。保留测试同时检查了干扰处理活动在原始学习和保留测试之间是否进行干预的情况。此外，还评估了一般的特定任务学习。结果表明：（a）老年人和年轻人同样保留了一般的特定任务技能；（b）对于经过训练的CM刺激，老年人的表现比年轻人的表现下降得更多；（c）当在保留间隔之前插入干扰处理活动时，老年人的表现下降幅度比年轻人的表现下降幅度更大，尤其是与未受到此类干扰的任务相比；（d）对于老年人和年轻人来说，所有最初的保留缺陷在保留再训练中都很快消除了。
