Counsell C, Gilbert M, Snively C
Shands Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
J Neurosci Nurs. 1995 Feb;27(1):53-6. doi: 10.1097/01376517-199502000-00009.
Cerebral vasospasm presents a challenge for the nursing staff. To date, no effective prevention methods have been identified. The key to decreasing the mortality rates is in discovering a method of preventing or reversing the arterial narrowing caused by vasospasm. The nurse needs to be aware of the theories of vasospasm and the rationale for treatment. Neurologic assessment skills are important for the nurse to detect minimal changes that may indicate vasospasm. Nurses who are informed will be able to provide optimal care to patients with cerebral vasospasm and provide the necessary support for family members. Drug therapy continues to be the first-line defense in treating vasospasm. Nimodipine is a very promising drug with demonstrated effectiveness to reduce the neurologic deficits caused by vasospasm. Further research on the treatment of vasospasm following SAH is currently in progress.
脑血管痉挛给护理人员带来了挑战。迄今为止，尚未确定有效的预防方法。降低死亡率的关键在于找到一种预防或逆转由血管痉挛引起的动脉狭窄的方法。护士需要了解血管痉挛的理论及治疗原理。神经学评估技能对于护士检测可能表明血管痉挛的细微变化很重要。知识渊博的护士能够为脑血管痉挛患者提供最佳护理，并为家庭成员提供必要的支持。药物治疗仍然是治疗血管痉挛的一线防御手段。尼莫地平是一种非常有前景的药物，已证明其在减少由血管痉挛引起的神经功能缺损方面有效。目前正在对蛛网膜下腔出血后血管痉挛的治疗进行进一步研究。
