Baer J S, Kivlahan D R, Marlatt G A
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Feb;19(1):54-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01472.x.
Alcohol use and related problems were studied from the senior year in high school to the first autumn in college for 366 heavy drinking students. Four risk factors-subject sex, family history of drinking problems, prior conduct problems, and type of college residence-were evaluated as predictors of: (1) differential changes in drinking rates, (2) differential changes in alcohol-related problems, and (3) alcohol dependence symptoms during the first college term. Results suggest that both dispositional and environmental factors are associated with changes in drinking rates and the existence of dependence symptoms. Increases in the frequency of drinking were specifically and strongly associated with residence in a fraternity (men) or sorority (women). Three risk factors were associated with increased quantity of drinking: male gender, residence in a fraternity or sorority, and a history of conduct problems. Prior conduct problems were also consistently associated with dependence symptoms during the first term in college. A family history of alcohol problems was not consistently related to changes in use rates or problems, although some analyses suggest interactive effects. Early interventions on college campuses should target individuals using additive risk profiles.
对366名酗酒学生从高中最后一年到大学第一年秋季的饮酒情况及相关问题进行了研究。评估了四个风险因素——受试者性别、饮酒问题家族史、既往行为问题以及大学居住类型——作为以下方面的预测因素：（1）饮酒率的差异变化，（2）与酒精相关问题的差异变化，以及（3）大学第一学期的酒精依赖症状。结果表明，性格因素和环境因素都与饮酒率的变化以及依赖症状的存在有关。饮酒频率的增加与兄弟会（男性）或姐妹会（女性）居住密切相关。三个风险因素与饮酒量增加有关：男性、居住在兄弟会或姐妹会以及有行为问题史。既往行为问题在大学第一学期也始终与依赖症状相关。虽然一些分析表明存在交互作用，但饮酒问题家族史与使用率变化或问题并非始终相关。大学校园的早期干预应针对具有累加风险特征的个体。
