Neighbors Clayton, Lee Christine M, Lewis Melissa A, Fossos Nicole, Larimer Mary E
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354694, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Jul;68(4):556-65. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2007.68.556.
This research was designed to evaluate the relative contribution of social norms, demographics, drinking motives, and alcohol expectancies in predicting alcohol consumption and related problems among heavy-drinking college students.
Participants included 818 (57.6% women) first-year undergraduates who reported at least one heavy-drinking episode in the previous month. In addition to providing demographic information (gender and fraternity/sorority membership) participants completed Web-based assessments of social norms (perceived descriptive norms regarding typical student drinking, injunctive norms regarding friends' and parents' approval), motives (social, enhancement, coping, and conformity), and expectancies and evaluations of positive and negative alcohol effects.
Regression results indicated that descriptive and injunctive norms were among the best predictors of college student drinking. With respect to alcohol problems, results indicated that coping motives accounted for the largest proportion of unique variance. Finally, results revealed that alcohol consumption mediated the relationships between predictors and problems for social norms, whereas coping motives, negative expectancies, and evaluation of negative effects were directly associated with alcohol problems despite having relatively weak or null unique associations with consumption.
The results of this study substantiate social norms as being among the best predictors of alcohol consumption in this population and suggest that drinking to cope is a better predictor of problems. The findings are discussed in terms of practical prevention and treatment implications.
本研究旨在评估社会规范、人口统计学因素、饮酒动机和饮酒预期在预测重度饮酒大学生的酒精消费及相关问题方面的相对贡献。
研究对象包括818名（57.6%为女性）一年级本科生，他们报告在前一个月至少有一次重度饮酒经历。除了提供人口统计学信息（性别和兄弟会/姐妹会成员身份）外，参与者还完成了基于网络的社会规范评估（对典型学生饮酒的感知描述性规范、对朋友和父母认可的指令性规范）、动机（社交、增强、应对和从众）以及对酒精正负效应的预期和评价。
回归结果表明，描述性和指令性规范是大学生饮酒的最佳预测因素之一。关于酒精问题，结果表明应对动机在独特方差中占比最大。最后，结果显示酒精消费在社会规范预测因素与问题之间起中介作用，而应对动机、消极预期和对消极影响的评价与酒精问题直接相关，尽管它们与消费的独特关联相对较弱或不存在。
本研究结果证实社会规范是该人群酒精消费的最佳预测因素之一，并表明为应对而饮酒是问题的更好预测因素。研究结果从实际预防和治疗意义的角度进行了讨论。
