Thomas S M, Fick A C
Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center at LSU Medical Center-New Orleans, USA.
J La State Med Soc. 1995 Apr;147(4):149-55.
In order for cancer mortality rates to be sufficiently reduced to meet the goals set by the National Cancer Institute, it is imperative that we broaden our understanding of the factors which affect participation in preventive health practices. Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are associated with participation in mammography, breast self-examination, and seeking medical care. A stratified random sample of women residing in Orleans Parish (40 to 65 years of age; annual family incomes < $40,000) were surveyed by telephone. Results of the survey were examined to determine the impact of individual, environmental, and economic factors on adherence to recommended screening practices for breast cancer. Results indicate a significant proportion of women are not adhering to recommended practices. Preventive health practices were positively related to physician recommendation of a mammogram and how the physician communicated with the patient; patient's income; belief in Powerful Others Locus of Control; and beliefs about the efficacy of early diagnosis and treatment. Fear of breast cancer was negatively related to preventive health practices. Findings highlight the utility of an ecological perspective in the development of secondary prevention strategies for breast cancer.
为了使癌症死亡率充分降低以实现美国国立癌症研究所设定的目标，我们必须拓宽对影响参与预防性健康行为的因素的理解。乳腺癌的早期发现和诊断与进行乳房X光检查、乳房自我检查以及寻求医疗护理有关。通过电话对居住在奥尔良教区（年龄40至65岁；家庭年收入低于40,000美元）的女性进行分层随机抽样调查。对调查结果进行分析，以确定个体、环境和经济因素对坚持推荐的乳腺癌筛查行为的影响。结果表明，很大一部分女性没有坚持推荐的做法。预防性健康行为与医生对乳房X光检查的建议以及医生与患者的沟通方式、患者收入、对“强大他人”控制点的信念以及对早期诊断和治疗效果的信念呈正相关。对乳腺癌的恐惧与预防性健康行为呈负相关。研究结果凸显了生态视角在制定乳腺癌二级预防策略中的作用。
