Marangoni C, Garcia S, Ickes W, Teng G
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington 76019-0528, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 May;68(5):854-69. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.68.5.854.
This study addressed 3 questions regarding empathic accuracy in a clinically relevant setting. First, does the empathic accuracy of a perceiver improve with increased exposure to a target individual? Second, can empathic accuracy be enhanced by providing the perceiver with feedback about the target's actual thoughts and feelings? Third, are there stable individual differences in empathic accuracy that generalize across different targets? The results indicated that although absolute performance levels varied from 1 target to another, empathic accuracy generally improved with increased exposure to the target. In addition, feedback concerning the target's actual thoughts and feelings accelerated the rate at which the perceivers' empathic accuracy improved. Finally, cross-target consistency in responding (alpha = .86) revealed stable individual differences in the perceivers' empathic ability. Implications of these findings for clinical training and practice are discussed.
本研究探讨了在临床相关环境中关于共情准确性的三个问题。第一，感知者的共情准确性是否会随着对目标个体接触的增加而提高？第二，通过向感知者提供关于目标实际想法和感受的反馈，能否提高共情准确性？第三，在共情准确性方面是否存在稳定的个体差异，且这种差异能在不同目标中普遍存在？结果表明，尽管绝对表现水平因目标不同而有所差异，但共情准确性通常会随着对目标接触的增加而提高。此外，关于目标实际想法和感受的反馈加快了感知者共情准确性提高的速度。最后，反应中的跨目标一致性（α = 0.86）揭示了感知者共情能力存在稳定的个体差异。本文还讨论了这些发现对临床培训和实践的意义。
