Platt J J
Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19102-1192, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1995 May;117(3):416-33. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.416.
Employment has been identified as an important element in the rehabilitation of drug abusers and, together with abstinence from illicit drugs and criminal involvement, is frequently used as a criterion of treatment outcome. The research literature for the last 20 years on variables affecting employment and the vocational rehabilitation of drug abusers is reviewed with an emphasis on (a) the identification of variables influencing the employment of drug abusers and (b) the evaluation results of interventions that have been developed for this purpose. It is concluded that a number of programs have been demonstrated to have had some success in the vocational rehabilitation of drug abusers. Specific recommendations are made concerning both the direction of further research in this area and the application of existing knowledge in current practice.
就业已被视为吸毒者康复过程中的一个重要因素，并且与戒除非法药物及避免犯罪活动一道，常被用作治疗效果的一项评判标准。本文回顾了过去20年中关于影响吸毒者就业及职业康复的变量的研究文献，重点在于：（a）确定影响吸毒者就业的变量；（b）对为此目的而开展的干预措施的评估结果。结论是，一些项目已被证明在吸毒者职业康复方面取得了一定成功。针对该领域进一步研究的方向以及现有知识在当前实践中的应用提出了具体建议。
