Walton M A, Gomberg E S
University of Michigan Alcohol Research Center, Ann Arbor 48108-3318, USA.
J Subst Abuse. 1994;6(4):367-79. doi: 10.1016/s0899-3289(94)90292-5.
Substance abuse experimentation may be one of several types of problem behaviors. Data from 99 Caucasian women interviewed in alcoholism treatment (19-29 years old) were used to test a developmental model of substance experimentation. Respondents were classified into three groups based on their use prior to age 15: nonusers, users of alcohol only, and users of alcohol and other drugs. Family history of alcoholism was not related to childhood anxiety and impulse control problems. Childhood anxiety and impulse control problems predicted adolescent emotional and impulse control problems but did not differentiate early experimenters. Whereas adolescent emotional problems were not related to early experimentation, early drug and alcohol users were significantly more likely to have engaged in other impulsive behaviors (e.g., running away from home, trouble with school authorities) than were nonusers or users of alcohol only. Alcoholism prevention programs, therefore, would do well to target youth who exhibit acting-out behaviors as a high-risk group for early alcohol and drug use.
药物滥用实验可能是几种问题行为之一。对99名接受酒精成瘾治疗的白人女性（19 - 29岁）的数据进行分析，以测试药物实验的发展模型。根据她们15岁之前的使用情况，受访者被分为三组：非使用者、仅饮酒者以及饮酒和使用其他药物者。酗酒家族史与儿童期焦虑和冲动控制问题无关。儿童期焦虑和冲动控制问题可预测青少年的情绪和冲动控制问题，但无法区分早期实验者。虽然青少年情绪问题与早期实验无关，但早期使用药物和酒精的人比非使用者或仅饮酒者更有可能从事其他冲动行为（例如离家出走、与学校当局发生麻烦）。因此，酒精成瘾预防项目应将表现出行为失控行为的青少年作为早期饮酒和吸毒的高危群体加以关注。
