Ebeling H, Moilanen I, Linna S L, Tirkkonen T, Ebeling T, Piha J, Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Tamminen T, Almqvist F
Department of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;8 Suppl 4:68-76. doi: 10.1007/pl00010703.
Smoking and drinking habits were studied among 1098 14-15-year-old adolescents using a mailed questionnaire. The subjects were drawn from a representative population of 5813 randomly selected 8-year-old children previously studied in the National Epidemiological Child Psychiatry Study in Finland in 1989. The questionnaire included items on the adolescents' smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Regular smoking was more common among boys (and girls) who, in childhood, had been rated by their parents (Rutter Parent Questionnaire) (RA2) as disturbed, 14.6% (30.3%), than among the nondisturbed, 6.6% (8.4%). Similarly, more of the previously disturbed (according to the RA2) adolescent boys drank alcohol regularly, 19.7%, as compared to the nondisturbed boys, 9.3%. Among girls, regular alcohol consumption was more common among those who previously had behavioural or mixed type problems (according to the RA2), 70.7%, as compared to those who previously had emotional or no problems, 12.2%. More of the previously depressed girls smoked regularly, 45.1%, than those who had not been depressed, 7.9%. Behavioural and emotional problems in childhood seemed to predispose to smoking and drinking in adolescence. The parents were more sensitive than the teachers in recognising the long-lasting problems of their children.
采用邮寄问卷的方式，对1098名14至15岁青少年的吸烟和饮酒习惯进行了研究。这些研究对象来自于1989年芬兰全国儿童精神病流行病学研究中随机抽取的5813名8岁儿童所构成的具有代表性的群体。问卷包含了有关青少年吸烟习惯和饮酒情况的项目。在童年时期被父母（使用拉特父母问卷）评定为行为紊乱的男孩（和女孩）中，经常吸烟的情况更为普遍，分别为14.6%（30.3%），而在行为正常的男孩（和女孩）中，这一比例为6.6%（8.4%）。同样，在之前被评定为行为紊乱的青少年男孩中，经常饮酒的比例为19.7%，高于行为正常的男孩，后者为9.3%。在女孩中，之前有行为或混合型问题（根据拉特父母问卷）的女孩中，经常饮酒更为常见，比例为70.7%，而之前有情绪问题或无问题的女孩中，这一比例为12.2%。之前有抑郁症状的女孩中，经常吸烟的比例为45.1%，高于未患抑郁症的女孩，后者为7.9%。童年时期的行为和情绪问题似乎会增加青少年吸烟和饮酒的倾向。在识别孩子的长期问题方面，父母比教师更为敏感。
